High-speed reflectance confocal microscopy using speckle modulation.

We developed a spectrally-encoded, line reflectance confocal microscope (RCM) that uses a rotating diffuser to rapidly modulate the illumination speckle pattern. The speckle modulation approach reduced speckle noise while imaging with a spatially coherent light source needed for high imaging speed and cellular resolution. The speckle-modulation RCM device achieved lateral and axial resolutions of 1.

Biopsy-free in vivo virtual histology of skin using deep learning.

An invasive biopsy followed by histological staining is the benchmark for pathological diagnosis of skin tumors. The process is cumbersome and time-consuming, often leading to unnecessary biopsies and scars. Emerging noninvasive optical technologies such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can provide label-free, cellular-level resolution, in vivo images of skin without performing a biopsy.