Heterogeneity in Prescription Opioid Misuse Motives by Age in Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.

Objective: Adolescent (12-17 years) and young adult (18-25 years) prescription opioid misuse (POM) is linked to poor health outcomes. We investigated how POM motives vary across these ages and the potential links between motives and other substance use, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics to help guide screening and prevention.

Methods: Pooled 2015-2019 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used, with 137,858 participants.

Determinants of prescription opioid misuse among Black Americans: Evidence from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Background: Opioid misuse, including prescription opioid misuse, remains a significant public health concern impacting various ethnoracial groups in the United States, including non-Hispanic Black Americans. This study provides more recent evidence on prescription opioid misuse among Black Americans.

Methods: We used data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the prevalence and determinants of prescription opioid misuse among Black American adults aged 18 and older.

Prescription Drug Misuse with Alcohol Coingestion among US Adolescents: Youth Experiences, Health-related Factors, and Other Substance Use Behaviors.

Background: While alcohol use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) are common among adolescents, there is relatively little research on coingestion. This is disquieting as polysubstance use has become a major contributing factor in drug overdose deaths among young people in the United States.

Methods: The current research uses multiple years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019) to assess characteristics associated with coingestion among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years ( N = 57,352).

Patient and specimen identification in a tertiary care pediatric hospital: Barcodes do not scan themselves.

Background: Despite the safety improvements linked to the use of barcodes for patient and specimen identification, patient misidentification remains a leading cause of transfusion-associated reactions including fatalities. A wealth of evidence supports the use of barcodes in general, but there is less published evidence of real-world barcode compliance. This project investigates barcode scanning compliance for patient and specimen identification at a tertiary care pediatric/maternity hospital.

The Association Between Resources, Accessibility, and Female Victim Intimate Partner Homicide at the County-Level in Florida.

Limited research has been conducted to understand possible relationships that exist between IPH and access to DV services. The current study adds to the literature by expanding traditional measures of DV services to capture presence, as well as access, and examines the impact on female IPH victimization across 67 Florida counties between 2005 and 2015. Using exposure reduction arguments, we shed light on factors associated with female victim IPH rates and support previous research findings showing a continuation in the disparity of IPH rates between urban and rural areas within county boundaries.

Types of criminal legal system exposure and polysubstance use: Prevalence and correlates among U.S. adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.

Introduction: Criminal legal system (CLS) exposed adults experience higher rates of substance use, substance use disorder (SUD), and overdose. As most CLS exposed adults are not incarcerated, it is important to focus on CLS exposure across the carceral continuum.

Methods: This research used pooled data from adult respondents (N = 206,314) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015-2019).

InteraChem: Exploring Excited States in Virtual Reality with Interactive Molecular Dynamics.

InteraChem is an interactive molecular dynamics (AI-IMD) visualizer that leverages recent advances in virtual reality hardware and software, as well as the graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated TeraChem electronic structure package, in order to render quantum chemistry in real time. We introduce the exploration of electronically excited states via AI-IMD using the floating occupation molecular orbital-complete active space configuration interaction method. The optimization tools in InteraChem enable identification of excited state minima as well as minimum energy conical intersections for further characterization of excited state chemistry in small- to medium-sized systems.

Recent trends in prescription drug misuse in the United States by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.

Background And Objectives: To examine changes in United States past-year opioid, stimulant, and benzodiazepine prescription drug misuse (PDM) and poly-PDM by demographics.

Methods: Data were from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 282,768), examining annualized PDM change by demographics.

Results: Opioid and poly-PDM significantly declined among those under 35 years, White, and multiracial residents.

Prescription drug and alcohol simultaneous co-ingestion in U.S. young adults: Prevalence and correlates.

Simultaneous co-ingestion of prescription medication (e.g., opioid, tranquilizer/sedative, stimulant) and alcohol is associated with overdose and elevated substance use, but no studies have examined prescription drug misuse (PDM) and alcohol co-ingestion in U.

Co-ingestion of prescription drugs and alcohol in US adults aged 50 years or older.

Objective: To examine prevalence of past-month prescription drug misuse (PDM) and alcohol co-ingestion and its correlates in adults age 50 or older.

Methods: Data were from the 2015-2018 US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 35,190). PDM-alcohol co-ingestion was defined as prescription opioid, tranquilizer/sedative, or stimulant misuse while "drinking alcohol or within a couple of hours of drinking.

Nitromethane Decomposition via Automated Reaction Discovery and an Corrected Kinetic Model.

We explore the systematic construction of kinetic models from reaction data for the decomposition of nitromethane. Our models are constructed in a computationally affordable manner by using reactions discovered through accelerated molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field. The reaction paths are then optimized to determine reaction rate parameters.

Sexual Identity and Motivations for Prescription Drug Misuse Among U.S. Adults.

Although we know that sexual minority populations, particularly bisexual individuals, tend to be at increased risk for substance use, less research has focused on prescription drug misuse (PDM). The current study is the first to assess differences in motivations for PDM by sexual identity and sex. This is important as research has established a link between certain motivations and adverse outcomes.

Poly-prescription drug misuse across the life course: Prevalence and correlates across different adult age cohorts in the U.S.

Background: Most research on prescription drug misuse (PDM) focuses on the misuse of specific classes of psychoactive prescription drugs among adolescents or young adults. The current research addressed important gaps in the literature by assessing poly-prescription drug misuse (poly-PDM), the misuse of more than one class of psychoactive prescription drug, across different adult age cohorts.

Methods: We used the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to examine the prevalence of past-year poly-PDM and specific combinations of PDM.

Differences in Prescription Stimulant Misuse Motives Across Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States.

Objective: While prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), PSM motives are poorly understood. This study examined a number of PSM motives across the AYA age spectrum using the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Methods: In all, 86,918 AYAs (aged 14-25 years) were included.

Opioid-involved prescription drug misuse and poly-prescription drug misuse in U.S. older adults.

Objectives: Although older adult prescription drug misuse (PDM) is associated with concerning consequences, stimulant PDM and poly- PDM involving multiple medication classes each remain understudied. Our objectives were to examine PDM and poly-PDM prevalence by medication class in US older adults and to identify the mental health, SUD, and health-related quality-of-life correlates of poly-PDM.

Method: Data were from adults 50 and older completing the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III, (N = 14,667).

Assessment of Changes in Alcohol and Marijuana Abstinence, Co-Use, and Use Disorders Among US Young Adults From 2002 to 2018.

Importance: Recent information on the trends in past-year alcohol abstinence and marijuana abstinence, co-use of alcohol and marijuana, alcohol use disorder, and marijuana use disorder among US young adults is limited.

Objectives: To assess national changes over time in past-year alcohol and marijuana abstinence, co-use, alcohol use disorder, and marijuana use disorder among US young adults as a function of college status (2002-2018) and identify the covariates associated with abstinence, co-use, and marijuana use disorder in more recent cohorts (2015-2018).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This study examined cross-sectional survey data collected in US households annually between 2002 and 2018 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Sources of prescription opioids and tranquilizers for misuse among U.S. young adults: differences between high school dropouts and graduates and associations with adverse outcomes.

Prior research has identified that sources of prescription drugs for misuse vary based on educational attainment, which is important as certain sources are associated with adverse outcomes. The current research addressed limitations of the extant literature by creating distinct categories of push factors for high school dropout (e.g.

Educational attainment and prescription drug misuse: The importance of push and pull factors for dropping out.

Purpose: Young adults who do not complete high school are at increased risk for substance use and offending behavior. A limitation of this research is that dropouts are often treated as a homogeneous group, which ignores the various push (e.g.

Prescription drug misuse, other substance use, and sexual identity: The significance of educational status and psychological distress in US young adults.

The aim was to examine the effects of sexual identity, educational status, and their interaction on the past-year prevalence of controlled prescription use and prescription drug misuse (PDM) in U.S. young adults, 18-25 years.

Substance Use and Mental Health in Homeschooled Adolescents in the United States.

Purpose: U.S. homeschooling increased by 50% over 2007-2016.

College students' perceived knowledge of and perceived helpfulness of treatments for opioid use disorder at two American universities.

The U.S. is experiencing an opioid overdose health crisis, largely driven by opioid use disorder (OUD).

"They Reckon They're Man's Best Friend and I Believe That." Understanding Relationships with Dogs in Australian Aboriginal Communities to Inform Effective Dog Population Management.

Dogs are important companions to people in many societies; however, dogs can also be associated with risks to public health and safety. Dog population management is therefore an important consideration globally. This study aimed to better understand the role of dogs in Aboriginal communities and the barriers to accessing veterinary services.

Prescription Drug Misuse: Taking a Lifespan Perspective.

Prescription drug misuse (PDM), or medication use without a prescription or in ways not intended by the prescriber, is a notable public health concern, especially in the United States. Accumulating research has characterized PDM prevalence and processes, but age-based or lifespan changes in PDM are understudied. Given age-based differences in the medical or developmental concerns that often underlie PDM, it is likely that PDM varies by age.