Traumatic spinal injuries in children at a single level 1 pediatric trauma centre: report of a 23-year experience.

Background: With a reported incidence of up to 10% compared to all spinal trauma, spinal injuries in children are less common than in adults. Children can have spine fractures with or without myelopathy, or spinal cord injuries without radiological abnormalities (SCIWORA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of children with spinal injuries treated at a level 1 pediatric trauma centre between 1990 and 2013.

Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality.

Objective: To determine whether central venous pressure and fluid balance after resuscitation for septic shock are associated with mortality.

Design: We conducted a retrospective review of the use of intravenous fluids during the first 4 days of care.

Setting: Multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Assessment of cutaneous photosensitivity of TOOKAD (WST09) in preclinical animal models and in patients.

TOOKAD (WST09) is a new, long-wavelength palladium bacteriopheophorbide photosensitizer that targets tissue vasculature. The cutaneous phototoxicity of TOOKAD was assessed in normal rat and pig animal models and in patients in a Phase-I trial of TOOKAD-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for recurrent prostate cancer. Controlled skin exposures were administered using solar-simulated light at various times after drug administration.