Accuracy of point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 detection using buccal swabs in pediatric emergency departments.

To optimize the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected children, specimen collection and testing method are crucial considerations. Ideally, specimen collection is easy and causes minimal discomfort, and the laboratory approach is simple, accurate, and rapid. In this prospective cohort study we evaluated the accuracy of a point-of care nucleic acid device using caregiver/patient self-collected buccal swabs.

No Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Quality of Life 6- and 12-Months After Infection.

Objective: To assess the association between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and long-term quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Prospective cohort study with 6- and 12-months follow-up conducted in 14 Canadian institutions. Children tested for SARS-CoV-2 between August 2020 and February 2022 were eligible.

Epidemiology and factors associated with mortality among pediatric major trauma patients in Nova Scotia: A 17-year retrospective analysis.

Background: Major traumatic injury in the pediatric population requires further evaluation to improve patient outcomes. Relatively few Canadian studies have investigated pediatric trauma using population-based data. Our objectives were to describe the epidemiology of pediatric major trauma in Nova Scotia and identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Pre-hospital mortality among pediatric trauma patients in Nova Scotia.

Objectives: Limited data exist on pre-hospital pediatric trauma mortality in Canada. The Nova Scotia Trauma Registry is a provincial population-based registry that captures data from the Medical Examiner Service. This study examined the characteristics of pediatric trauma patient mortality in the pre-hospital and in-hospital settings.

Post-COVID-19 Condition in Children 6 and 12 Months After Infection.

Importance: There is a need to understand the long-term outcomes among children infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To quantify the prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) among children tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric emergency departments (EDs).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Multicenter, prospective cohort study at 14 Canadian tertiary pediatric EDs that are members of the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada network with 90-day, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

Mental health adverse events with cannabis use diagnosed in the Emergency Department: what are we finding now and are our findings accurate?

We have previously reviewed the types and numbers of cannabis-associated adverse events that have mental health presentations that are encountered in the Emergency Department. A particular challenge in examining these events is disentangling cannabis use adverse events from adverse events associated with use of multiple recreational substances. Since that review was published, cannabis legalization for recreational use has greatly expanded world-wide and with these changes in the legal climate has come clearer information around the frequency of adverse events seen in the Emergency Department.

A Case of Septic Portal Vein Thrombosis in a 71-Year-Old Female.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively rare condition that is characterized by partial or complete occlusion of the portal vein. The most common risk factors for developing PVT are a result of a low intra-hepatic vein flow or pro-thrombotic states, including underlying liver disease, coagulopathies, infection, and malignancy. Patients with PVT can present asymptomatically, while others are in profound shock.

Treatment-Resistant Wide-Complex Tachycardia in a Three-Year-Old Girl.

Wide-complex, monomorphic tachycardias represent a range of tachyarrhythmias. Such patients can present asymptomatically and hemodynamically stable, while others are in shock. The etiology of the rhythm can be difficult to determine in the emergency department, and although electrocardiogram findings may be helpful, a workup after stabilization may be necessary to determine the cause.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patient Volumes, Acuity, and Outcomes in Pediatric Emergency Departments: A Nationwide Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric emergency department (ED) utilization and outcomes.

Methods: This study is an interrupted-time-series observational study of children presenting to 11 Canadian tertiary-care pediatric EDs. Data were grouped into weeks in 3 study periods: prepandemic (January 1, 2018-January 27, 2020), peripandemic (January 28, 2020-March 10, 2020), and early pandemic (March 11, 2020-April 30, 2020).

Corticothalamic Projection Neuron Development beyond Subtype Specification: Fog2 and Intersectional Controls Regulate Intraclass Neuronal Diversity.

Corticothalamic projection neurons (CThPN) are a diverse set of neurons, critical for function of the neocortex. CThPN development and diversity need to be precisely regulated, but little is known about molecular controls over their differentiation and functional specialization, critically limiting understanding of cortical development and complexity. We report the identification of a set of genes that both define CThPN and likely control their differentiation, diversity, and function.

Identification of radial glia-like cells in the adult mouse olfactory bulb.

Immature neurons migrate tangentially within the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the adult olfactory bulb (OB), then radially to their final positions as granule and periglomerular neurons; the controls over this transition are not well understood. Using adult transgenic mice with the human GFAP promoter driving expression of enhanced GFP, we identified a population of radial glia-like cells that we term adult olfactory radial glia-like cells (AORGs). AORGs have large, round somas and simple, radially oriented processes.

Proliferation and expression of progenitor and mature retinal phenotypes in the adult mammalian ciliary body after retinal ganglion cell injury.

Purpose: Despite the identification of a small population of cells residing in the ciliary body (CB) of the adult mammalian eye that have the capacity to generate retina-like cells in vitro, their activity in vivo remains quiescent. The authors sought to identify whether the predictable and time-dependent death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) results in activation of progenitor-like cells within the CB.

Methods: RGC injury was induced by optic nerve axotomy in adult mice.

Astroglial heterogeneity closely reflects the neuronal-defined anatomy of the adult murine CNS.

Astroglia comprise an extremely morphologically diverse cell type that have crucial roles in neural development and function. Nonetheless, distinct regions of the CNS have traditionally been defined by the phenotypic characteristics and connectivity of neuros. In a complementary fashion, we present evidence that discrete regions of the adult CNS can be delineated based solely on the morphology, density and proliferation rates of astroglia.

Adult neurogenesis and cellular brain repair with neural progenitors, precursors and stem cells.

Recent work in neuroscience has shown that the adult central nervous system (CNS) contains neural progenitors, precursors and stem cells that are capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. While challenging the previous dogma that no new neurons are born in the adult mammalian CNS, these findings bring with them the future possibilities for development of novel neural repair strategies. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge about constitutively occurring adult mammalian neurogenesis, highlight the critical differences between 'neurogenic' and 'non-neurogenic' regions in the adult brain, and describe the cardinal features of two well-described neurogenic regions-the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

Prion protein (PrPc) positively regulates neural precursor proliferation during developmental and adult mammalian neurogenesis.

The misfolding of the prion protein (PrP(c)) is a central event in prion diseases, yet the normal function of PrP(c) remains unknown. PrP(c) has putative roles in many cellular processes including signaling, survival, adhesion, and differentiation. Given the abundance of PrP(c) in the developing and mature mammalian CNS, we investigated the role of PrP(c) in neural development and in adult neurogenesis, which occurs constitutively in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb from precursors in the subventricular zone (SVZ)/rostral migratory stream.

Adult neurogenesis and repair of the adult CNS with neural progenitors, precursors, and stem cells.

Recent work in neuroscience has shown that the adult central nervous system contains neural progenitors, precursors, and stem cells that are capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. While challenging previous dogma that no new neurons are born in the adult mammalian CNS, these findings bring with them future possibilities for the development of novel neural repair strategies. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about constitutively occurring adult mammalian neurogenesis, to highlight the critical differences between "neurogenic" and "non-neurogenic" regions in the adult brain, and to describe the cardinal features of two well-described neurogenic regions-the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

The repair of complex neuronal circuitry by transplanted and endogenous precursors.

During the past three decades, research exploring potential neuronal replacement therapies has focused on replacing lost neurons by transplanting cells or grafting tissue into diseased regions of the brain. However, in the last decade, the development of novel approaches has resulted in an explosion of new research showing that neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, normally occurs in two limited and specific regions of the adult mammalian brain, and that there are significant numbers of multipotent neural precursors in many parts of the adult mammalian brain. Recent advances in our understanding of related events of neural development and plasticity, including the role of radial glia in developmental neurogenesis, and the ability of endogenous precursors present in the adult brain to be induced to produce neurons and partially repopulate brain regions affected by neurodegenerative processes, have led to fundamental changes in the views about how the brain develops, as well as to approaches by which transplanted or endogenous precursors might be used to repair the adult brain.

Constitutive and induced neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain: manipulation of endogenous precursors toward CNS repair.

Over most of the past century of modern neuroscience, it was thought that the adult brain was completely incapable of generating new neurons. During the past 3 decades, research exploring potential neuronal replacement therapies has focused on replacing lost neurons by transplanting cells or grafting tissue into diseased regions of the brain. However, in the last decade, the development of new techniques has resulted in an explosion of new research showing that neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, normally occurs in two limited and specific regions of the adult mammalian brain and that there are significant numbers of multipotent neural precursors in many parts of the adult mammalian brain.