Fresh frozen plasma reduces edema in skeletal muscle following combined limb ischemia-reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic shock in rats.

Background: Exsanguination from extremity vascular injuries is the most common potentially survivable injury on the battlefield. Advances in treatment have dramatically improved survival, increasing the need to address associated morbidities including ischemia-reperfusion injury and extremity compartment syndrome. Despite advances, hemorrhagic shock (HS) requiring fluid resuscitation is common.

Malignant tumors of the parotid gland in children: incidence and outcomes.

Background: Population-based analysis of the incidence, demographics, and management outcomes in children with malignant tumors of the parotid gland.

Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2009) was researched for all patients younger than 20 years.

Results: Overall, 284 patients were identified.

Predictors of early acute lung injury at a combat support hospital: a prospective observational study.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome consisting of noncardiogenic acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with the presence of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and occurs in up to 33% of critically ill trauma patients. Retrospective and observational studies have suggested that a blood component resuscitation strategy using equal ratios of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may have a survival benefit in combat casualties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this strategy is associated with an increased incidence of ALI.

Fatal airway injuries during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Introduction: Airway compromise is the third leading cause of potentially preventable death on the battlefield. An understanding of the injuries associated with fatal airway compromise is necessary to develop improvements in equipment, training, and prehospital management strategies in order to maximize survival.

Objective: To determine injury patters resulting in airway compromise in the combat setting.

US Army split forward surgical team management of mass casualty events in Afghanistan: surgeon performed triage results in excellent outcomes.

Objective: U.S. Army "split"forward surgical teams (FST) currently provide most of the resuscitative surgical care for combat patients in Afghanistan.

Longterm outcomes after combat casualty emergency department thoracotomy.

Background: The incidence, survival, and blood product use after emergency department thoracotomy (EDT) in combat casualties is unknown.

Study Design: We performed a prospective and retrospective observational study of EDT at a combat support hospital in Iraq, evaluating the impact of injury mechanisms, blood product use, mortality, and longterm neurologic outcomes of survivors.

Results: From November 2003 to December 2007, 12,536 trauma admissions resulted in 101 EDTs (0.

US Army two-surgeon teams operating in remote Afghanistan--an evaluation of split-based Forward Surgical Team operations.

Background: United States Army Forward Surgical Teams (FSTs) consist of twenty personnel and are the Army's smallest surgical units. Currently, they provide the majority of resuscitative surgical care for combat casualties in Afghanistan where the mission of the FST has been further extended to include "split-based operations." The effectiveness of these 10-person teams is unknown and outcome data has not been previously reported in the literature.

Comparison of new hemostatic granules/powders with currently deployed hemostatic products in a lethal model of extremity arterial hemorrhage in swine.

Background: HemCon bandage (HC) and QuikClot granules (QC) have been deployed for the past 5 years for treating external hemorrhage in combat casualties. We examined efficacy and initial safety of three new hemostatic granules/powders in a swine extremity arterial hemorrhage model that was 100% fatal with army standard gauze treatment. The new products were compared with the most advanced forms of HC and QC products.