Top-Down NO Emissions of European Cities Based on the Downwind Plume of Modelled and Space-Borne Tropospheric NO₂ Columns.

Top-down estimates of surface NO emissions were derived for 23 European cities based on the downwind plume decay of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) columns from the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Ozone Simulation) chemistry transport model (CTM) and from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite retrievals, averaged for the summertime period (April⁻September) during 2013. Here we show that the top-down NO emissions derived from LOTOS-EUROS for European urban areas agree well with the bottom-up NO emissions from the MACC-III inventory data (R² = 0.88) driving the CTM demonstrating the potential of this method.

Polypectomy rate is a valid quality measure for colonoscopy: results from a national endoscopy database.

Background: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is one of the main quality measures for colonoscopy, but it is burdensome to calculate and is not amenable to claims-based reporting.

Objective: To validate the correlation between polypectomy rates (PRs) and ADRs by using a large group of endoscopists.

Design: Retrospective study.

Polypectomy rate as a quality measure for colonoscopy.

Background: The adenoma detection rate (ADR) has been proposed as a robust quality indicator for colonoscopy, but it is cumbersome to calculate and not available at the time of colonoscopy.

Objective: To determine whether endoscopists' polypectomy rates (PRs) correlate with their ADRs and to calculate benchmark PRs that correlate with benchmark ADRs.

Design: Retrospective study.

Colonoscopy reports and current state of performance measures.

Quality improvement of colonoscopy continues to be an important topic. This effort begins with creating detailed and accurate colonoscopy reports. Quality indicators are measurable endpoints that may be used in quality assurance and improvement plans.

Racial/ethnic variation in perceptions of medical information sources in Durham County, North Carolina.

Background: Concerns about health and health care disparities have led some groups to promote better communication of medical information as a potential means of empowering patients to overcome barriers to health care and to practice healthy behaviors. We examined the independent effect of race/ethnicity on perceptions of the usefulness of different sources of health information.

Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional telephone survey of black, Latino, and white adults (n = 515) in Durham County North Carolina, in 2002.