Pharmacotherapy adjuncts for traumatic brain injury: A narrative review of evidence and considerations in the emergency department.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant global health concern with significant impact on morbidity and mortality. This narrative review explores adjunctive pharmacologic agents to be employed by emergency medicine clinicians during Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) in patients presenting with a TBI. Pharmacologic agents are commonly employed for the management of rapid sequence intubation and post-intubation analgosedation, hemodynamics, intracranial pressure, coagulopathy, seizure prophylaxis, and infection.

Non-faradaic capacitive cation sensing under flow.

The ability to continually monitor target ion species in real-time is a highly sought-after endeavour in the field of host-guest chemistry, given its direct pertinence to medical and environmental applications. Developing methodologies which support sensitive and continuous ion sensing in aqueous media, however, remains a challenge. Herein, we present a versatile and facile, proof-of-concept electrochemical sensing methodology based on non-faradaic capacitance, which can be operated continuously with high temporal resolution (≈1.

Ion carrier modulated MRI contrast.

An ion-responsive MRI contrast agent based on a POPC liposomal scaffold is generated that displays a large amplitude relaxivity switch. Entrapment of MR active Gd-DOTA within cholesterol-doped, , membrane rigidified, liposomes dampens the MR response through diminished water exchange across the lipid bilayer. Relaxivity is re-established by integration of ion carriers in the liposome membrane to mediate solvated ion flux.

The long-term effects of dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease: a time-to-event analysis.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant clinical and economic burden to healthcare systems worldwide, which increases considerably with progression towards kidney failure. The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) trial demonstrated that patients with or without type 2 diabetes who were treated with dapagliflozin experienced slower progression of CKD versus those receiving placebo. Understanding the effect of long-term treatment with dapagliflozin on the timing of kidney failure beyond trial follow-up can assist informed decision-making by healthcare providers and patients.

The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells.

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed from a primary tumour which intravasate into the blood stream and have the potential to extravasate into distant tissues, seeding metastatic lesions. As such, they can offer important insight into cancer progression with their presence generally associated with a poor prognosis. The detection and enumeration of CTCs is, therefore, critical to guiding clinical decisions during treatment and providing information on disease state.

Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for patients with heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction: A pooled analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER data.

Aim: To assess the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin in addition to usual care, compared with usual care alone, in a large population of patients with heart failure (HF), spanning the full range of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods And Results: Patient-level data were pooled from HF trials (DAPA-HF, DELIVER) to generate a population including HF with reduced, mildly reduced and preserved LVEF, to increase statistical power and enable exploration of interactions among LVEF, renal function and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, as they are relevant determinants of health status in this population. Survival and HF recurrent event risk equations were derived and applied to a lifetime horizon Markov model with health states defined by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score quartiles; costs and utilities were in the UK setting.

Validation of a Model Estimating the Budget Impact of Video Capsule Endoscopy for Surveillance of Crohn's Disease in an Italian Center.

Crohn's disease is a chronic ailment affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal healing, a marker of reduced disease activity, is currently assessed in the colonic sections using ileocolonoscopy and magnetic resonance enteroscopy. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) offers visualization of the entire GI mucosae.

Solvent effects in anion recognition.

Anion recognition is pertinent to a range of environmental, medicinal and industrial applications. Recent progress in the field has relied on advances in synthetic host design to afford a broad range of potent recognition motifs and novel supramolecular structures capable of effective binding both in solution and at derived molecular films. However, performance in aqueous media remains a critical challenge.

Antigen-Mimic Nanoparticles in Ultrasensitive on-Chip Integrated Anti-p53 Antibody Quantification.

As a tumor-suppressing protein, p53 plays a crucial role in preventing cancer development. Its utility as an early cancer detection tool is significant, potentially enabling clinicians to forestall disease advancement and improve patient prognosis. In response to the pathological overexpression of this antigen in tumors, the prevalence of anti-p53 antibodies increases in serum, in a manner quantitatively indicative of cancer progression.

Dapagliflozin in chronic kidney disease: cost-effectiveness beyond the DAPA-CKD trial.

Background: The Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in CKD (DAPA-CKD) trial enrolled patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate 25-75 mL/min/1.73 m and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio >200 mg/g. The Dapagliflozin Effect on CardiovascuLAR Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58 (DECLARE-TIMI 58) trial enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes, a higher range of kidney function and no albuminuria criterion.

Anion Sensing through Redox-Modulated Fluorescent Halogen Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding Hosts.

Anion sensing via either optical or electrochemical readouts has separately received enormous attention, however, a judicious combination of the advantages of both modalities remains unexplored. Toward this goal, we herein disclose a series of novel, redox-active, fluorescent, halogen bonding (XB) and hydrogen bonding (HB) BODIPY-based anion sensors, wherein the introduction of a ferrocene motif induces remarkable changes in the fluorescence response. Extensive fluorescence anion titration, lifetime and electrochemical studies reveal anion binding-induced emission modulation through intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET), the magnitude of which is dependent on the nature of both the XB/HB donor and anion.

Neuronally Derived Extracellular Vesicle α-Synuclein as a Serum Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Developing Parkinson Disease.

Importance: Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) often predate the movement disorder by decades. Currently, there is no blood biomarker to define this prodromal phase.

Objective: To investigate whether α-synuclein in neuronally derived serum-extracellular vesicles identifies individuals at risk of developing PD and related dementia.

Cohesion Assessment Team: A Multidisciplinary Unit Assessment Grounded in Army Doctrine.

Introduction: The Cohesion Assessment Team (CAT) provides battalion and brigade command teams with actionable insight into the climate of their unit and the presence of certain harmful behaviors. This assessment, initiated by the Vice Chief of Staff of the Army and initially managed by the Headquarters Department of the Army's People First Task Force, employs a framework from the Center for Army Professional Leadership to structure data and findings.

Materials And Methods: This manuscript describes how to conduct a CAT assessment.

Growing Healthy Hearts: a single-arm feasibility study of a digitally delivered gardening, cooking, and nutrition intervention for adults with risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Background: Food gardening may positively influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk-related behaviors. However, the vast majority of existing gardening interventions have used an in-person delivery model which has limitations for scalability. It is not known whether a digitally delivered gardening intervention would be feasible or acceptable to participants.

Phosphinecarboxamide based InZnP QDs - an air tolerant route to luminescent III-V semiconductors.

We describe a new synthetic methodology for the preparation of high quality, emission tuneable InP-based quantum dots (QDs) using a solid, air- and moisture-tolerant primary phosphine as a group-V precursor. This presents a significantly simpler synthetic pathway compared to the state-of-the-art precursors currently employed in phosphide quantum dot synthesis which are volatile, dangerous and air-sensitive, P(Si(CH)).

Comparison of methods for correcting QT interval in athletes and young people: A systematic review.

Screening elite athletes for conditions associated with sudden cardiac death is recommended by numerous international guidelines. Current athlete electrocardiogram interpretation criteria recommend the Bazett formula (QTcB) for correcting QT interval. However, other formulae may perform better at lower and higher heart rates (HR).

The cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin in heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction: A European health-economic analysis of the DELIVER trial.

Aims: To determine the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin, added to usual care, in patients with heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction for the UK, German and Spanish payers using detailed patient-level data from the Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (DELIVER) trial.

Methods And Results: A lifetime Markov state-transition cohort model was developed. Quartiles of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS) defined health states and monthly transition count data informed transition probabilities.

Characterization of miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p in human osteoarthritic tissues.

Objective: We aimed to characterize the expression patterns, gene targets, and functional effects of miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p among seven primary human knee and hip osteoarthritic tissue types.

Methods: We collected synovial fluid, subchondral bone, articular cartilage, synovium, meniscus/labrum, infrapatellar/acetabular fat, anterior cruciate ligament/ligamentum teres, and vastus medialis oblique/quadratus femoris muscle (n = 7-20) from surgical patients with early- or late-stage osteoarthritis (OA) and quantified miR-335-5p and miR-335-3p expression by real-time PCR. Predicted gene targets were measured in knee OA infrapatellar fat following miRNA inhibitor transfection (n = 3), and prioritized gene targets were validated following miRNA inhibitor and mimic transfection (n = 6).

Impact of Alignment and Alignment Correction on Outcomes Following Robotic Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the relationship between preoperative and postoperative alignment in robotic unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures.

Methods: A retrospective review of 374 patients who underwent robotic-assisted UKA was conducted. Patient demographics, history, and preoperative and postoperative Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR) scores were obtained via chart review.

Alternating Magnetic Field-Promoted Nanoparticle Mixing: The On-Chip Immunocapture of Serum Neuronal Exosomes for Parkinson's Disease Diagnostics.

The analysis of cargo proteins in exosome subpopulations has considerable value in diagnostics but a translatable impact has been limited by lengthy or complex exosome extraction protocols. We describe herein a scalable, fast, and low-cost exosome extraction using an alternating (AC) magnetic field to support the dynamic mixing of antibody-coated magnetic beads (MBs) with serum samples within 3D-printed microfluidic chips. Zwitterionic polymer-coated MBs are, specifically, magnetically agitated and support ultraclean exosome capture efficiencies >70% from <50 μL of neat serum in 30 min.

The AAHKS Clinical Research Award: Oral Dexamethasone Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Intravenous dexamethasone has been shown to reduce pain in total joint arthroplasty. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the postoperative effects and safety of oral dexamethasone as a potential augment to multimodal pain management in outpatient knee arthroplasty.

Methods: The authors prospectively randomized 109 consecutive patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty.

Ultrafast Biomarker Quantification through Reagentless Capacitive Kinetics.

We introduce a facile assessment of binding kinetics at bioreceptive redox-active interfaces as a means of quantifying target proteins. This is achieved by monitoring the redox capacitance () of a receptor-modified conductive polymer interface under continuous flow. Exemplified with the quantification of C-reactive protein (CRP), capacitance analyses resolve both the association and dissociation regimes in real-time.