Abstinence outcomes among women in reproductive health centers administered clinician or electronic brief interventions.

Treatment of substance use in women seeking reproductive healthcare is crucial for the health of both women and their offspring. Although abstinence from all substance use during pregnancy is optimal, it is difficult to achieve. This secondary analysis reports abstinence outcomes from a randomized clinical trial of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) for substance use among women seeking reproductive healthcare services.

Impact of Smoking and Smoking Cessation Medications in Aviators.

Purpose Of Review: To (1) compare the effects of cigarette smoking, nicotine withdrawal, and smoking cessation medications in US civilian and military aviators and (2) review the regulations in place regarding the use of smoking cessation medications for US aviators.

Recent Findings: Cigarette smoking and associated cessation attempts are associated with multiple hazards in flight to aviators including effects from nicotine intoxication, nicotine withdrawal, carbon monoxide intoxication, and side effects related to smoking cessation medications. Current civilian and military regulations place significant restrictions on the use of smoking cessation medications to aviators; however, recent research suggests that the hazards associated with these medications might be lower than the risk-associated unassisted nicotine withdrawal.

Evolution of the combat and operational stress control detachment.

Medical units designed to provide combat and operational stress control services have evolved since World War II into the current Combat and Operational Stress Control (COSC) detachments. Yet the structure of these COSC detachments differ greatly between what is authorized in the table of organization and equipment (TO&E) and what is doctrinally described in the current field manual guiding combat and operational stress control operations. We therefore explore the evolution of the COSC detachment, compare the organizations found in current doctrine with that currently authorized on the TO&E, and conclude with a proposed structure of a modern COSC detachment that is functionally modular with more clear chains of command.

Burnout in Army health care providers.

Research performed on soldiers in the military far exceeds that of research performed on military health care providers. The focus of this study was to explore the prevalence of burnout among the health care providers of the 101 st Airborne Division in relation to deployments. A cross-sectional survey was electronically dispersed to 158 health care professionals including combat medics, physician assistants, and physicians.

Telebehavioral health in Afghanistan.

Providing behavioral health care to numerous beneficiaries spread over a large and dangerous area is a unique and challenging responsibility faced by the U.S. Army in the deployed environment.

A dissociative episode following stage hypnosis in a combat-injured soldier: implications, treatment and reflections.

Significant data to suggest the need for more appropriate precautions for volunteers participating in stage hypnosis is presented. This paper is a case report of a soldier previously injured in battle who, due to participating in stage hypnosis one year after his injury, experienced a dissociative episode wherein post-traumatic stress symptoms were prominent. During this episode, which lasted over three hours, the service member assaulted an acquaintance, subsequently believed he was a prisoner of war, experienced amnesia for some of the events, and was eventually psychiatrically hospitalized.

Modeling manipulation in medical education.

As residents and medical students progress through their medical training, they are presented with multiple instances in which they feel they must manipulate the healthcare system and deceive others in order to efficiently treat their patients. This, however, creates a culture of manipulation resulting in untoward effects on trainees' ethical and professional development. Yet manipulation need not be a skill necessary to practice medicine, and steps should be taken by both individuals and institutions to combat the view that the way medicine must be practiced "in the real world" is somehow different from what one's affective moral sense implores.

Hippocampal atrophy in persons with age-associated memory impairment: volumetry within a common space.

Objective: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the assessment of hippocampal atrophy within a standard brain atlas for persons with age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) compared with cognitively intact elderly.

Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 20 nondemented persons: 10 had AAMI and 10 were normal elderly. Scans were aligned to a common atlas template to control for errors due to variable brain size and orientation as well as facilitating communication of results across centers.