Factors associated with discontinuation of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States.

Information on factors leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment discontinuation is limited. This study analyzed 12,902 new PAH medication users to identify predictors of treatment discontinuation. Treatment by accredited pulmonary hypertension centers and combination therapy with PAH agents from different classes were less likely to result in discontinuation.

Burden of Pertussis in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Retrospective Database Study in England.

Introduction: Pertussis, a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, affects people of all ages. Older adults are particularly susceptible to its severe outcomes and complications.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence rate of pertussis among individuals aged ≥ 50 years was assessed during 2009-2018 using Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases, United Kingdom.

Nocturnal polyuria in women: results from the EpiNP study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Data from a large US population-based, cross-sectional, epidemiological study (the EpiNP Study) were used to assess the symptoms and bother experienced by women with nocturnal polyuria (NP).

Methods: Consenting participants recruited from an online panel completed the baseline EpiNP survey online (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Tool and urological comorbidities). All reporting ≥2 voids/night and a random sample of 100 respondents, each reporting 0 or 1 void/night were asked to complete a 3-day web-based bladder diary recording time, volume, and urgency rating of each void.

Differences in the Prevalence of Nocturnal Polyuria in the U.S. by Definition: Results from the Epidemiology of Nocturnal Polyuria Study.

Purpose: Prevalence data on nocturnal polyuria (NP), nocturia caused by overproduction of urine during sleep, is primarily limited to men and varies by NP definition. This U.S.

Burden of Pertussis in Individuals with a Diagnosis of Asthma: A Retrospective Database Study in England.

Purpose: The impact of pertussis in individuals with asthma is not fully understood. We estimated the incidence, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and direct medical costs (DMC) of pertussis in patients with asthma.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the incidence rate of pertussis (identified using diagnostic codes) among individuals aged ≥50 years with an asthma diagnosis was assessed during 2009-2018 using Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases.

The Prevalence of Nocturnal Polyuria in the United States: Results from the Epidemiology of Nocturnal Polyuria Study.

Background: The prevalence of nocturnal polyuria (NP), which is passing large volumes of urine during the main sleep period, has been investigated primarily in middle-aged to older men. There is thus a gap in the NP evidence base for women and for younger individuals.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of nocturia due to NP in the USA.

Extended dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor 60 mg in patients with prior myocardial infarction: The design of ALETHEIA, a multi-country observational study.

Introduction: Clinical guidelines recommend extended treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor 60 mg (twice daily) beyond 12 months in high-risk patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) who have previously tolerated DAPT and are not at heightened bleeding risk. However, evidence on patterns of use and associated clinical outcomes in routine clinical practice is limited.

Methods: ALETHEIA is an observational, multi-country study, designed to describe characteristics, treatment persistence, and bleeding and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in post-MI patients who initiate ticagrelor 60 mg in routine clinical practice (NCT04568083).

Comparison of ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM Crosswalks Derived by Physician and Clinical Coder vs. Automated Methods.

Purpose: To evaluate whether automated methods are sufficient for deriving ICD-10-CM algorithms by comparing ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM crosswalks from general equivalence mappings (GEMs) with physician/clinical coder-derived crosswalks.

Patients And Methods: Forward mapping was used to derive ICD-10-CM crosswalks for 10 conditions. As a sensitivity analysis, forward-backward mapping (FBM) was also conducted for three clinical conditions.

Burden of Pertussis in COPD: A Retrospective Database Study in England.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may increase the risk and severity of pertussis infection. Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and direct medical costs (DMC) of treating pertussis among patients with COPD are unknown. Reported incidence of pertussis among individuals aged ≥ 50 years with COPD was assessed in Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics databases during 2009-2018 using a retrospective cohort design.

Healthcare resource utilization and cost among patients with type 1 diabetes in the United States.

Approximately 5%-10% of patients with diabetes are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the incidence and prevalence of which is projected to increase through 2050. Despite this, T1DM-related health care resource utilization (HCRU) and economic burden in the United States have not been adequately assessed, since previous studies used various cost definitions and underlying methods to examine these outcomes. To assess HCRU and costs incurred by patients with T1DM in the United States.

Treatment patterns and overall survival in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in a real-world, US setting.

To conduct a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data to understand real-world treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We included n = 9656 adults (≥18 years) with metastatic NSCLC and no prior therapy. Data from 1 January 2013 to 31 January 2017 were analyzed.

How different is research done by the Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute, and what difference does it make?

To determine whether research funded by the Patient-centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) is consistent with the original aims of Congress and unique among other major USA funders. We compared a sample of funded projects from PCORI, NIH (Phase IV) and agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act [ARRA]-based comparative effectiveness research funding) from 2014 to 2018 on number of outcomes/study, patient-centeredness of outcomes (those related to survival, function, symptoms and health-related quality of life) and other features that may characterize patient-centered research (e.g.

Treatment patterns and overall survival in metastatic urothelial carcinoma in a real-world, US setting.

Background: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with chemotherapy is associated with poor survival; however, as the field of immuno-oncology continues to evolve, new immunotherapies have recently become available. The current study aimed to assess real-world characteristics, treatment patterns, and overall survival (OS) of patients with mUC treated in the United States (US).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of patients with mUC from the Flatiron Health longitudinal database from 2011 to 2017.

Clinical course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an assessment of severity, progression, and outcomes.

Purpose: To identify the characteristics and initial disease severity of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and assess incidence and risk factors for disease progression in a retrospective study.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years of age without alcoholism or other liver diseases (eg, hepatitis B/C) were selected from Geisinger Health System electronic medical record data from 2004 to 2015. Initial disease stage was stratified into uncomplicated NAFLD, advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver transplant using clinical biomarkers, diagnosis, and procedure codes.

One-Year Clinical Effectiveness Comparison of Prasugrel with Ticagrelor: Results from a Retrospective Observational Study using an Integrated Claims Database.

Background: No direct comparisons of ticagrelor and prasugrel with 1-year clinical follow-up have been reported.

Objectives: Our objective was to compare 1-year clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and treated with either ticagrelor or prasugrel in a real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients from a payer database who were aged ≥18 years and had ACS managed with PCI with no history of transient ischemic attack (TIA)/stroke.

Replication of Mini-Sentinel Study Assessing Mirabegron and Cardiovascular Risk in Non-Mini-Sentinel Databases.

Background: In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiated a prospective routine surveillance using the Mini-Sentinel (M-S) program to assess potential signals of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke with use of mirabegron, indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB), compared with oxybutynin.

Purpose: To replicate the FDA M-S analysis of mirabegron using datasets that did not contribute to the M-S program.

Methods: IMS PharMetrics Plus and Truven MarketScan claims data from 2012-2015 were converted to the M-S Common Data Model.

Initiation of triple therapy maintenance treatment among patients with COPD in the US.

Background: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommends triple therapy (long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists, long-acting beta-2 agonists, and inhaled corticosteroids) for patients with only the most severe COPD. Data on the proportion of COPD patients on triple therapy and their characteristics are sparse and dated. Objective 1 of this study was to estimate the proportion of all, and all treated, COPD patients receiving triple therapy.

Gaucher disease epidemiology and natural history: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Objectives: The objectives of this research were: (1) to heighten awareness of Gaucher disease (GD), a rare lysosomal storage disorder with highly heterogeneous patterns of organ involvement and disease severity, to clinicians most likely to encounter these patients, and; (2) to summarize the published evidence on GD epidemiology which is essential to accurately depict the total societal burden of this rare worldwide disorder.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to summarize the published evidence on the epidemiology of GD. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and 'grey' literature sources published in English between January 1990 and March 2015 were searched to identify relevant publications.

Validation of Claims Algorithms for Progression to Metastatic Cancer in Patients with Breast, Non-small Cell Lung, and Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Validated algorithms for identifying progression to metastatic cancer could permit the use of administrative claims databases for research in this area.

Objective: To identify simple algorithms that could accurately detect cancer progression to metastatic breast, non-small cell lung, and colorectal cancer (CRC) using medical and pharmacy claims data.

Methods: Adults with stage I-III breast, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or CRC in the Geisinger Health System from 2004 to 2011 were selected.

One-year post-discharge resource utilization and treatment patterns of patients with acute coronary syndrome managed with percutaneous coronary intervention and treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel.

Objective: Our objective was to compare 1-year real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU), associated charges, and antiplatelet treatment patterns among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel.

Methods: Using the ProMetis-Lx database, adult ACS-PCI patients treated with ticagrelor or prasugrel post-discharge were identified between 1 August 2011 and 31 May 2013 and propensity matched to adjust for baseline differences.

Results: Before matching, ticagrelor-treated patients (n = 2991) were older with increased baseline ischemic and bleeding risks compared with prasugrel-treated patients (n = 12,797).

An evaluation of variation in published estimates of schizophrenia prevalence from 1990─2013: a systematic literature review.

Background: There is a lack of consistency in findings across studies on the prevalence of schizophrenia, and no recent systematic review of the literature exists. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated systematic review of population-based prevalence estimates and to understand the factors that could account for this variation in prevalence estimates.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo databases were searched for observational studies describing schizophrenia prevalence in general populations from 2003-2013 and supplemented by studies from a prior review covering 1990-2002.

Plasma Fibrinogen as a Biomarker for Mortality and Hospitalized Exacerbations in People with COPD.

Background: In 2010 the COPD Foundation established the COPD Biomarkers Qualification Consortium (CBQC) as a partnership between the Foundation, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the pharmaceutical industry to pool publicly-funded and industry data to develop innovative tools to facilitate the development and approval of new therapies for COPD. We present data from the initial project seeking regulatory qualification of fibrinogen as a biomarker for the stratification of COPD patients into clinical trials.

Methods: This analysis pooled data from 4 publicly-funded studies and 1 industry study into a common database resulting in 6376 individuals with spirometric evidence of COPD.

OnabotulinumtoxinA muscle injection patterns in adult spasticity: a systematic literature review.

Background: OnabotulinumtoxinA has demonstrated significant benefit in adult focal spasticity. This study reviews the injection patterns (i.e.