Observation of the Kondo screening cloud.

When a magnetic impurity exists in a metal, conduction electrons form a spin cloud that screens the impurity spin. This basic phenomenon is called the Kondo effect. Unlike electric-charge screening, the spin-screening cloud occurs quantum coherently, forming spin-singlet entanglement with the impurity.

Improve processes on healthcare: current issues and future trends.

Information Technology (IT) is a critical resource for improving today's business competitiveness. However, many healthcare providers do not proactively manage or improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their services with IT. Survival in a competitive business environment demands continuous improvements in quality and service, while rigorously maintaining core values.