Publications by authors named "Jason Appel"
Objective: Until now, the use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and evaluation of otosclerosis has been based on correlation of radiologic findings to patient histories, intraoperative examinations, and audiologic data. The purpose of this study was to compare CT findings in otosclerosis to histopathology.
Study Design: Prospective blinded.
The aim of this investigation was to resolve a diagnostic problem and report toenail unit changes attributable to shoe friction that resemble onychomycosis, but that are fungus-negative, and identify common skeletal causes in patients with an asymmetric walking gait. X-ray and clinical feet inspections were performed to evaluate skeletal components that change normal foot biodynamics. Forty-nine patients, all dermatophyte-negative, were reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans have been used primarily to exclude non-Alzheimer's causes of dementia. However, the pattern and the extent of medial temporal atrophy on structural MRI scans, which correlate strongly with the pathological severity of AD, can be used to support the diagnosis of a degenerative dementia, especially AD, even in its early predementia stage.
Methods: Elderly subjects (n = 224) were diagnosed with either no cognitive impairment (NCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), or AD.
Background: The traditional consensus diagnosis (ConsDx) of normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia relies on the reconciliation of an informant-based report of cognitive and functional impairment by a physician diagnosis (PhyDx), and a neuropsychological diagnosis (NPDx). As this procedure may be labor intensive and influenced by the philosophy and biases of a clinician, the diagnostic algorithm (AlgDx) was developed to identify individuals as cognitively normal, with MCI, or dementia.
Methods: The AlgDx combines the PhyDx with the NPDx, using a diagnostic algorithm that provides cognitive diagnoses, as defined by the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center/Uniform Data Set nomenclature.
Dementia is a debilitating and life-altering disease which leads to both memory impairment and decline of normal executive functioning. While causes of dementia are numerous and varied, the leading cause among patients 60 years and older is Alzheimer's disease. The gold standard for Alzheimer's diagnosis remains histological identification of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles within the medial temporal lobe, more specifically the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer disease (AD) can be distinguished from elderly subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI) by the degree of atrophy in the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and the hippocampus (HPC), quantified by volumetric magnetic resonance image (MRI) studies. Because volumetric MRI requires rigorous standards for image acquisition and analysis and is not suitable for routine clinical use, we have used calibrated visual rating to measure atrophy in the ERC, HPC, and perirhinal cortex (PRC) and evaluated its utility in the diagnosis of very early AD.
Methods: Thus far, visual rating methods, which have been found to be reliable and sensitive only for measurement of atrophy of the HPC or for the entire medial temporal region, have been found to be relatively insensitive for discriminating mild AD from elderly NCI subjects.
Purpose: To describe a case of transient band-like keratopathy after ocular exposure to fluocinonide cream and ketoconazole shampoo.
Design: Observational case report.
Results: A 40-year-old patient presented with acute pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and redness in 1 eye.