Pharmacodynamics of once- versus twice-daily dosing of nebulized amikacin in an in vitro Hollow-Fiber Infection Model against 3 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study aims to compare the bacterial killing of once- versus twice-daily nebulized amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to determine the optimal duration of therapy. Three clinical P. aeruginosa isolates (amikacin MICs 2, 8, and 64 mg/L) were exposed to simulated epithelial lining fluid exposures of nebulized amikacin with dosing regimens of 400 mg and 800 mg once- or twice-daily up to 7-days using the in vitro hollow-fiber infection model.

Pharmacokinetics of a novel dosing regimen of oral melatonin in critically ill patients.

Background: Loss of circadian rhythms and reduced concentrations of endogenous melatonin are common in critically ill patients. After exogenous administration, supra-physiological concentrations in serum are only ephemeral, which may explain the absence of significant therapeutic effect on sleep. The aim of this study is to describe the pharmacokinetics of enteral melatonin in critically ill patients administered in a novel regimen aiming to simulate endogenous release.