Expression of E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS-1) in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is adverse prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer.

Aim Of The Study: The microenvironment depicts the relationship between tumour cells and immune response, and every insight into stromal lymphocytes could contribute to explain their role and activity. E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS-1) is a transcription factor that is active in cell proliferation. We analysed its immunohistochemical expression in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive breast cancer and correlated its immunohistochemical score (IHS) to traditional predictive and prognostic factors and survival.

Inter-laboratory comparison of Ki-67 proliferating index detected by visual assessment and automated digital image analysis.

Background: Proliferation rate is a major determinant of the biologic behavior of the tumor and provides information that can be used to guide treatment decisions.

Methods: This ring study included 27 pathologists from 14 Institutions, in order to assess inter-observer concordance between pathologists in Croatia. We analyzed Ki-67 proliferative index on ten randomly selected breast cancer samples comparing consistency between visual assessment using light microscopy compared to digital image analyses results from one central laboratory as a referral value.

Microsatellite instability in metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence of Barrett esophagus: a retrospective study.

Aim: To analyze the loss of mismatch repair (MMR) system protein expression in metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence of Barrett esophagus (BE).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the data from 70 patients with pathohistological diagnosis of BE or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) treated at the Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, from January 2009 to January 2011. Patients were divided into three groups: BE without dysplasia (22 patients), BE with dysplasia (37 patients), and EAC (11 patients).

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) in human skin cells.

Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a relatively new member of the DPPIV family of prolyl dipeptidases which is ubiquitously expressed. Its role in regulation of immune responses and proliferation of epithelial carcinoma cells was reported. There is no data on possible role of DPP9 expressed in skin epithelial cells (keratinocytes) and in dermal fibroblasts.

[CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCERS].

Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers comprise histologically and biologically different malignant tumors in which the progress in the understanding of the disease has not been followed by the improvement in the survival. Diagnosis is set by tumor biopsy during endoscopy. Multimodal approaches containing surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are frequently applied in the treatment of locoregionally advanced disease.

INTERLABORATORY CONCORDANCE IN HER-2 POSITIVE BREAST CANCER.

Accurate assessment of HER-2 status is essential for identifying patients who will benefit from HER-2 targeted therapy. The aim of the present study was to show results on the concordance between local and central laboratory testing results in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients. In cases with discordant findings, the immunohistochemical (IHC) and/or in situ hybridization (FISH/SISH) analysis was performed in central laboratories.

Telomerase activity in breast cancer patients: association with poor prognosis and more aggressive phenotype.

Telomerase expression is an important mechanism of tumor unlimited replicative potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate prognostic impact of telomerase activity in breast cancer patients and to correlate telomerase activity with established prognostic factors. We analyzed tissue of 102 malignant breast lesions and 20 healthy breast tissues.

[COLONIC MUCO-SUBMUCOSAL ELONGATED POLYP: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW].

Recently a new entity has been described--a colonic muco-submucosal elongated polyp (CMSEP)--that did not fall into traditional classification of colorectal polyps. The CMSEP is endoscopically characterised by elongated, worm-like appearance with a normal overlying mucosa. Histologic characteristics of the CMSEP comprise mucosa and expanded submucosa with dilated vasculature and lymphatics.

[CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH INVASIVE BREAST CANCER--CROATIAN ONCOLOGY SOCIETY].

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It can be diagnosed in early stage through screening, early detection and educational programs, and when diagnosed early it can be efficiently treated. Treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted biologic therapy, according to the stage of the disease and patient condition.

Role of breast imaging in predicting outcome of lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) diagnosed at core needle biopsy.

Aims: To elucidate whether breast imaging can predict final histologic diagnosis of lesions of uncertain malignant potential diagnosed at ultrasound core needle biopsy (CNB).

Methods: The imaging characteristics (mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) of lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast that were obtained by ultrasound CNB were retrospectively analyzed in 87 women. Radiologic characteristics of lesions were compared to definitive histopathologic findings.

Immunohistochemical expression of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in cytoplasm of tumour and adjacent normal mucosa cells in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: The aim of this research was to study the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) in tumour tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma based upon immunohistochemical detection and compare those results with patients' outcome.

Methods: Tumour blocks of patients surgically treated for colorectal cancer were evaluated by 8-oxodG immunohistochemical staining. The expression was analysed in 500 tumour cells.

[Clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with cancer of unknown primary site].

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) site comprises very heterogeneous group of various malignant tumors presented in metastatic phase of the disease. Diagnosis is set when primary site remains unidentified after a thorough diagnostic evaluation in patients with histologically proven malignant metastatic disease. Despite poor prognosis in most patients, favorable prognostic clinical entities have been recognized constituting the most important group of patients for oncological treatment.

Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Oxidative DNA Damage.

Background: Oxidative stress is thought to play a major role in etiology of many cancers, including breast cancer. 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most abundant marker of oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of oxidative DNA damage in different breast cancer molecular surrogate subtypes to investigate the prognostic relevance and role of oxidative base lesion (8-OHdG) in the etiology of breast cancer.

Prognostic value of ki-67 in breast carcinoma: tissue microarray method versus whole section analysis- potentials and pitfalls.

In our study we have compared the prognostic value of two distinct methods of immunohistochemical Ki-67 determination, tissue microarray (TMA) and classical whole section analysis. "Cut-off" values were used according to the 2009 St. Gallen Consensus.

Biocompatibility and adhesion formation of different endoloop ligatures in securing the base of the appendix.

Background And Objectives: The common technique used in securing the base of the appendix is Endoloop ligature (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). Vicryl (polyglactin 910) (Ethicon) and polydioxanone (PDS) (Ethicon) Endoloop ligatures can be used. There are potential benefits of the use of PDS Plus (Ethicon) Endoloop ligature.

Expression of genes responsible for the repair of mispaired bases of the DNA (MLH1) in invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases determined and distinguished by cellular type, gene expression and clinical signs and symptoms. Identification of histological and biological markers is of great value in predicting the progression of tumor growth and anticipating the expected response to various treatment options. Due to a high degree of cell proliferation in breast tumors and high genetic instability of these tumors, as a consequence of defective DNA repair mechanisms, chemotherapy as a treatment option often renders very successful results.

The value of immunohistochemical determination of topoisomerase IIα and Ki67 as markers of cell proliferation and malignant transformation in colonic mucosa.

Background: Considering the role of topoisomerase IIα in cell division, and its increased expression in the G2/M phase of cell cycle, immunohistochemical staining for topoisomerase IIα might be used as a marker for cell proliferation or malignant transformation and compared with traditional proliferation marker (Ki67).

Materials And Methods: In this study, 215 consecutive patients, who had undergone colonoscopy with biopsy, were included. The biopsy samples were fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, cut into 3- to 4-μm sections, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed under a light microscope for pathologic diagnosis.

Prognostic value of proliferation markers expression in breast cancer.

In this study, immunohistochemical expression of five proliferation markers: Ki-67, aurora-A kinase, survivin, B-Myb and cyclin B1, was analyzed. Consecutive 215 tumor samples from breast cancer patients operated from 2002 to 2003 were analyzed using the TMA ("tissue microarray") method. The median follow-up was 95 months (from 7.

Role of Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Aim: To investigate primarily the prognostic value of Ki-67, as well as other parameters, in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

Methods: Ki-67, c-KIT, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα), smooth muscle actin (SMA), CD34, S100 were stained for immunohistochemistry which was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embeded sections on representative block from each case. Proliferation index counted by Ki-67 antibody was calculated as a number of positive nuclear reaction over 100 cells.

[Congenital hyperinsulinism--novel insights into etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a major cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal and early infancy periods. Althought the disease is relatively rare with incidence of about 1:25 000-50 000 live births, the importance of the disease should not be underestimated. Namely, prompt recognition and management of patients with CHI is essential, if permanent neurological impairment is to be avoided.

[Ultrasound guided breast biopsy--a retrospective study and literature review].

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy and clinical usefulness of ultrasound guided core biopsy for diagnosing suspicious radiologically detected breast lesions.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the results of percutaneous core biopsy with 14-gauge needles performed over a period of 14 months on 229 suspicious lesions detectable on mammography and/or ultrasound exam (BI-RADS 4 or 5). The imaging-histological concordance was ascertained for each lesion.

[Clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients with non-invasive breast cancer].

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Early diagnosis and more effective treatment of invasive breast cancer resulted in significant mortality reduction, improvement of survival and the quality of life of the patients. The management od non-invasive breast cancer, on the contrary, is still controversial and the problem of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of patients come to evidence.