Antioxidant biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk markers in an Aboriginal community in remote Australia: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: High-quality diets, characterised by nutrient-rich foods, are one of the foundations for health and well-being. Indicators of diet quality, antioxidants, are associated with protection against cardiometabolic diseases. The current study explores relationships between plasma antioxidants and cardiometabolic risk among Aboriginal people in Australia.

Erratum: Higher glomerular filtration rate is related to insulin resistance but not to obesity in a predominantly obese non-diabetic cohort.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep45522.

Higher glomerular filtration rate is related to insulin resistance but not to obesity in a predominantly obese non-diabetic cohort.

Glomerular hyperfiltration has been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). However, previous studies are limited by confounders such as pre-existing diabetes or hypertension, or have used indirect measures of adiposity and insulin sensitivity (IS). Therefore, we examined the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and IS measured by the hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp in a healthy population on no medications.

Prediction of acute coronary syndromes by urinary proteome analysis.

Identification of individuals who are at risk of suffering from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) may allow to introduce preventative measures. We aimed to identify ACS-related urinary peptides, that combined as a pattern can be used as prognostic biomarker. Proteomic data of 252 individuals enrolled in four prospective studies from Australia, Europe and North America were analyzed.

Infectious and Environmental Influences on the Obesity Epidemic.

Over the last two decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly. While it is intuitively appealing to believe that the causes of obesity are manifestly related to excess dietary intake, combined with a reduced expenditure of energy via a decrease in physical activity, it is also been noted that the evidence for these as the sole causes of the obesity epidemic is incomplete. This has led to the search for other causes of obesity, particularly those which stem from the environment we live in.

Contrasting association of circulating sCD14 with insulin sensitivity in non-obese and morbidly obese subjects.

Scope: In experimental studies, moderate to high concentrations of sCD14 (serum cluster of differentiation 14 protein) prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation, while low concentrations may promote inflammation. Given that metabolic endotoxemia is thought to initiate high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, we explored the association between sCD14 concentrations and insulin sensitivity in humans.

Methods And Results: Healthy non-obese (n = 12, BMI 26 ± 5y), obese (n = 11, BMI 33.

Bisphenol A and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is suspected to be associated with several chronic metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to review the epidemiological literature on the relation between BPA exposure and the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to August 2014 by two independent investigators using standardized subject terms.

Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in urban Africans presenting with communicable versus non-communicable forms of heart disease: the 'Heart of Soweto' hospital registry study.

Objectives: To investigate if urban Africans displayed lower levels of atheroprotective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) when presenting with communicable versus non-communicable forms of heart disease (HD) as both acute infection and chronic inflammation reduce HDLC levels.

Design: Hospital registry of 5328 de novo cases of HD over a 3-year period.

Setting: Cardiology Unit, Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa.

Evidence for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Australian indigenous peoples: a systematic review.

Background: Low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong, independent, but poorly understood risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although this atherogenic lipid abnormality has been widely reported in Australia's Indigenous peoples, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, the evidence has not come under systematic review. This review therefore examines published data for Indigenous Australians reporting 1) mean HDL-C levels for both sexes and 2) factors associated with low HDL-C.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are cross-sectionally associated with insulin secretion in healthy subjects.

It has been postulated that chronic exposure to high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), in particular from dietary sources, can impair insulin secretion. In the present study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationship between AGEs and acute insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy humans. We report the cross-sectional association between circulating AGE concentrations and insulin secretory function in healthy humans (17 F: 27 M, aged 30 ± 10 years) with a wide range of BMI (24.

Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and NF-κB activity are independent determinants of diastolic and pulse pressure.

Background: High levels of circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can initiate chronic low-grade activation of the immune system (CLAIS) with each of these factors independently associated with cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the relationship between serum AGEs, CLAIS and other risk factors for CV disease in normotensive non-diabetic individuals.

Methods: We measured body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, lipid and glucose profile in 44 non-diabetic volunteers (17 female, 27 males).

Different lipid profiles according to ethnicity in the Heart of Soweto study cohort of de novo presentations of heart disease.

Background: Historically, sub-Saharan Africa has reported low levels of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However as these populations undergo epidemiological transition, this may change.

Methods: This was an observational cohort study performed at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital in Soweto, South Africa.

c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue but not nuclear factor-kappaB activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is an independent determinant of insulin resistance in healthy individuals.

Objective: Chronic low-grade activation of the immune system (CLAIS) predicts type 2 diabetes via a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated potential relationships between nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways-two pathways proposed as the link between CLAIS and insulin resistance.

Research Design And Methods: Adiposity (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and insulin sensitivity (M, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) were measured in 22 healthy nondiabetic volunteers (aged 29 +/- 11 years, body fat 28 +/- 11%).