Association of Intraoperative Opioid Administration With Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use.

Importance: Opioids administered to treat postsurgical pain are a major contributor to the opioid crisis, leading to chronic use in a considerable proportion of patients. Initiatives promoting opioid-free or opioid-sparing modalities of perioperative pain management have led to reduced opioid administration in the operating room, but this reduction could have unforeseen detrimental effects in terms of postoperative pain outcomes, as the relationship between intraoperative opioid usage and later opioid requirements is not well understood.

Objective: To characterize the association between intraoperative opioid usage and postoperative pain and opioid requirements.

Age-Dependent Electroencephalogram Features in Infants Under Spinal Anesthesia Appear to Mirror Physiologic Sleep in the Developing Brain: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Infants under spinal anesthesia appear to be sedated despite the absence of systemic sedative medications. In this prospective observational study, we investigated the electroencephalogram (EEG) of infants under spinal anesthesia and hypothesized that we would observe EEG features similar to those seen during sleep.

Methods: We computed the EEG power spectra and spectrograms of 34 infants undergoing infraumbilical surgeries under spinal anesthesia (median age 11.