Real-world overall survival with abiraterone acetate versus enzalutamide in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: There are no large head-to-head phase 3 clinical trials comparing overall survival (OS) for abiraterone and enzalutamide. This study used Medicare claims data to compare OS in patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who initiated abiraterone or enzalutamide.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of the Medicare database (2009-2020) included adult men with ≥1 claim for prostate cancer, metastatic diagnosis, and no prior chemotherapy or novel hormone therapy who initiated first-line (1L) abiraterone or enzalutamide in the index period (September 10, 2014 to May 31, 2017).

Enzalutamide and Quality of Life in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND: EMBARK, a controlled trial reported elsewhere, showed enzalutamide plus leuprolide (combination) and enzalutamide monotherapy prolonged metastasis-free survival versus placebo plus leuprolide (alone) in patients with high-risk biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Health-related quality of life was also analyzed but not reported. METHODS: In EMBARK, patients with biochemical recurrence (prostate-specific antigen doubling time of ≤9 months) were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to combination (n=355), leuprolide-alone (n=358), or enzalutamide monotherapy (n=355).

Real-world treatment patterns and overall survival among men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) in the US Medicare population.

Background: Real-world treatment patterns and survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have not been characterized for the full fee-for-service Medicare population.

Methods: Men newly diagnosed with mCRPC were identified in Medicare fee-for-service claims during 1/1/2014-6/30/2019. Men had evidence of mCRPC and continuous insurance coverage ≥1 year before and ≥6 months after diagnosis unless patients died.

Healthcare Costs in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Analysis of US Medicare Fee-For-Service Claims.

Introduction: To analyze healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and healthcare costs in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in the US Medicare population.

Methods: A published claims-based algorithm was used to identify men with mCRPC in the fee-for-service Medicare population between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019. Unadjusted all-cause HRU (days) and healthcare costs paid by Medicare (medical and pharmacy) per patient per year (PPPY) are described for the periods before mCRPC diagnosis, after diagnosis, and from the start of first-line (1L), second-line (2L), and third-line (3L) therapy with mCRPC life-prolonging treatments to the start of subsequent therapy or end of follow-up/death.

Real-World Treatment Patterns Among Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Results From an International Study.

Background: There is limited real-world evidence on how increasing use of treatment intensification in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has influenced treatment decisions in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The study objective was to evaluate the impact of novel hormonal therapy (NHT) and docetaxel use in mCSPC on first-line treatment patterns among patients with mCRPC in 5 European countries and the United States (US).

Methods: Physician-reported data on patients with mCRPC from the Adelphi Prostate Cancer Disease Specific Program were descriptively analyzed.

Real-World Treatment Trends Among Patients with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from an International Study.

Background: Continuous androgen deprivation therapy ± first-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen was previously the standard-of-care for patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Treatment intensification with novel hormonal therapy (NHT) or taxane chemotherapy is now approved and guideline-recommended for these patients.

Methods: Physician-reported data on adult patients with mCSPC from the Adelphi Prostate Cancer Disease Specific Programme were analyzed descriptively.

Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes of Real-World Talazoparib-Treated Patients With Germline BRCA-Mutated Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Talazoparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor approved for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm), HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (LA/mBC), with approval based on the EMBRACA trial. To date, there are no published data on talazoparib use in the real-world United States (USA) setting.

Patients And Methods: Characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of real-world US patients with gBRCAm HER2-negative LA/mBC treated with talazoparib monotherapy were collected via retrospective chart review and summarized using descriptive statistics.

The cost-effectiveness of dacomitinib in first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (m NSCLC) in Sweden.

Aims: Although the benefit of first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) over chemotherapy in mutation-positive (m) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in clinical trials, the optimal treatment sequence remains unclear. The objective of our study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dacomitinib in Sweden vs afatinib and osimertinib in first-line treatment of m NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: A partitioned survival model was developed with three health states: progression-free, post-progression, and death.

Characterization of individuals with osteoarthritis in the United States and their use of prescription and over-the-counter supplements.

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frequently occurring, chronic condition; however, few studies describe the clinical characteristics of individuals with OA and the treatments they use to manage their symptoms. We conducted a study to characterize the OA population in the US and describe the nonsurgical management used by this population based on consumer research data collected through an online survey.

Methods: Data from the 2017 US National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) for adults aged ≥35 years were used to evaluate the relationship between OA and certain study participant characteristics and to identify the most commonly used treatment options.

Indirect analysis of first-line therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with activating mutations in a Japanese population.

Five -tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) are currently available in the first-line setting for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan. The aim here was to compare the relative efficacy of TKIs in the Japanese population. A systematic review identified randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of first-line TKIs.

Network meta analysis of first-line therapy for advanced EGFR mutation positive non-small-cell lung cancer: updated overall survival.

To update overall survival (OS) results from a previous network meta analysis comparing the relative clinical efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) for mutation positive (+) advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A Bayesian network meta analysis was conducted using updated/mature randomized controlled trial OS results in response to first-line TKI therapies. Dacomitinib showed a numerical improvement of OS relative to other TKIs: afatinib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.

Basal Insulin Initiation and Maintenance in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States.

Objective: A survey of US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted to better understand patients' insulin initiation experiences and treatment persistence behaviors.

Research Design And Methods: Participants were recruited from consumer panels and grouped by basal insulin treatment pattern: continuers (no gap of ≥7 days within 6 months of initiation); interrupters (gap ≥7 days, resumed treatment); discontinuers (stopped for ≥7 days, not resumed). A quota of approximately 50 respondents per persistence category was set.

Burden of illness among patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy: a multicenter retrospective chart review study.

This study assessed treatment patterns and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) with insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). A retrospective chart review was conducted at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), United States, and Hôpital Saint-Louis (HSL), France. Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years old, diagnosed with acquired SAA between January 1, 2006, and July 31, 2016, had insufficient response to IST, and had ≥ 12 months of follow-up post-diagnosis.

Key factors for overcoming psychological insulin resistance: an examination of patient perspectives through content analysis.

Objective: To understand participant perceptions about insulin and identify key behaviors of healthcare professionals (HCPs) that motivated initially reluctant adults from seven countries (n=40) who had type 2 diabetes (T2D) to start insulin treatment.

Research Design And Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of participants from an international investigation of adults with T2D who were reluctant to start insulin (EMOTION). Questions related to: (a) participants' thoughts about insulin before and after initiation; (b) reasons behind responses on the survey that were either 'not helpful at all' or 'helped a lot'; (c) actions their HCP may have taken to help start insulin treatment; and (d) advice they would give to others in a similar situation of starting insulin.

Basal insulin persistence in Brazilian participants with T2DM.

Objective: Real-world effectiveness of basal insulin therapy is affected by poor treatment persistence, often occurring soon after initiation. This analysis is part of an international cross-sectional study conducted in T2DM patients and is intended to describe the reasons behind non-persistence to insulin therapy in Brasil.

Methods: Responders to an online survey in seven countries were classified as continuers (no gap of ≥7 days), interrupters (interrupted therapy for ≥7 days within first 6 months, then restarted), and discontinuers (terminated therapy for ≥7 days within first 6 months, and did not start it again before the survey).

Real-world treatment patterns among patients with advanced gastric cancer in Russia: a chart review study.

Little evidence is available on the management of patients with metastatic and/or unresectable gastric cancer (mGC) after the failure of first-line treatment. This study presents real-world data on characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with mGC in Russia. Eligible patients were ≥18 years old, diagnosed with mGC ≥ January 1, 2012, received first-line chemotherapy followed by second-line chemotherapy or best supportive care (BSC), had ≥3 months of follow-up after the start of second-line chemotherapy or BSC (except in cases of death), and had not participated in a clinical trial.

Identifying solutions to psychological insulin resistance: An international study.

Aims: To identify actions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) that facilitate the transition to insulin therapy (IT) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) adults.

Methods: Included were T2Ds in seven countries (n = 594) who reported initial IT reluctance but eventually began IT. An online survey included 38 possible HCP actions: T2Ds indicated which may have occurred and their helpfulness.

Patient and Oncologist Preferences for the Treatment of Adults with Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background: There has been no single standard-of-care treatment of patients with advanced/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This study was designed to understand patient and oncologist preferences in the advanced/metastatic setting.

Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with STS and oncologists treating patients with STS completed discrete choice experiment surveys.

Clinical burden of asynchrony in patients with asthma when using metered-dose inhalers for control.

Asynchrony, or lack of coordination between inhalation and actuation when using a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI), could theoretically impact the delivery of inhaled medications and treatment efficacy. To assess the real-world association between asynchrony and clinical outcomes among patients with asthma who receive controller therapy delivered by MDIs. A cohort of patients was assembled via electronic health records.

Associated factors that influenced persistence with basal analog insulin therapy among people with type 2 diabetes: An exploratory analysis from a UK real-world sample.

Aim: Real-world effectiveness of insulin therapy is affected by poor treatment persistence, often occurring soon after initiation. An international cross-sectional survey of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been conducted to describe reasons for non-persistence with insulin therapy.

Methods: Responders to an online survey in 7 countries were classified as continuers (no gap of ≥7days), interrupters (interrupted therapy for ≥7days within first 6 months, then restarted), and discontinuers (terminated therapy for ≥7days within first 6 months, no restart before survey).

Changes in health-related quality of life with long-term eltrombopag treatment in adults with persistent/chronic immune thrombocytopenia: Findings from the EXTEND study.

Patients with persistent/chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) have low platelet counts, increased risk of bleeding and bruising, and often suffer from reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). cITP treatments may either improve HRQoL by increasing platelet counts or decrease it because of side effects. The open-label EXTEND study (June 2006 to July 2015) evaluated long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of eltrombopag (an oral thrombopoietin-receptor-agonist) in adults with cITP who completed a previous eltrombopag ITP trial.

Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Economic Outcomes of Patients Initiating Injectable Medications for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: Results from a Retrospective Claims Database Analysis.

Introduction: This study's objective was to describe characteristics, treatment patterns, and economic outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients initiating injectable antidiabetic medications in Japan.

Methods: Adults (≥ 18 years) with T2DM, ≥ 2 claims for injectable antidiabetics between 1 August 2011 and 31 July 2015 (first claim = index date), no evidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus, ≤ 1 claim for insulin, no claims for GLP-1RA before index, and continuous enrollment for 6 months before (baseline) and 12 months after index (follow-up) were selected from the Japan Medical Center Database. Patient characteristics and outcomes during the baseline and follow-up periods were described overall and by provider, using the proxy setting of index medication [hospital (including outpatient departments) for specialists; clinic for general practitioner (GP)].

Insulin non-persistence among people with type 2 diabetes: how to get your patients to stay on insulin therapy.

Continuing use of medication is key to effective treatment and positive health outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions such as diabetes. However, in primary care, non-persistence (i.e.