Effectiveness of RADAR on diabetes processes of care for First Nations communities in Alberta, Canada.

The epidemic of type-2 diabetes in First Nations communities is tragic. Culturally-appropriate approaches addressing multiple components, focusing beyond glycemic control, are urgently needed. Using an intention-to-treat framework, 13 processes of care indicators were assessed to compare proportions of patients who received care at baseline relative to 2-year follow-up.

Effectiveness of RADAR: An Innovative Model to Organize Diabetes Care in First Nations Communities.

Challenges exist for the management of diabetes care in First Nations populations. RADAR (Reorganizing the Approach to Diabetes through the Application of Registries) is a culturally appropriate, innovative care model that incorporates a disease registry and electronic health record for local care provision with remote coordination, tailored for First Nations people. This study assessed the effectiveness of RADAR on patient outcomes and diabetes care organization in participating communities in Alberta, Canada.

Pharmacists' chronic disease management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effect on health services utilization.

There is limited real-world evidence on evaluation of chronic disease management initiatives provided by pharmacists to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate changes in COPD-related health care resource utilization between patients with COPD who had pharmacist-provided chronic disease management (comprehensive annual care plan [CACP]) vs those who did not have CACP. Patients with COPD who received a CACP in Alberta between 2012 and 2015 were identified within the Alberta Health administrative data.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Urinary Tract Infections: A Propensity Score-matched Population-based Cohort Study.

Objectives: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor-induced glycosuria is hypothesized to increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). We assessed the risk of UTIs associated with SGLT2 inhibitor initiation in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using primary care data from the United Kingdom's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and administrative health-care data from Alberta, Canada.

Five comparative cohorts to assess the risk of genital tract infections associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors initiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To assess the association between SGLT-2 inhibitors initiation and genital tract infections (GTIs) among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A population-based cohort study using administrative healthcare data from Alberta, Canada, and primary care data from the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Among new metformin users, we identified new users of SGLT-2 inhibitors and five active comparator cohorts (new users of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulfonylureas (SU), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), thiazolidinediones (TZD) and insulin).

Renal effectiveness and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: a population-based cohort study.

Introduction: To assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of renal-related outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) initiation among patients with type 2 diabetes using real-world data.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using administrative healthcare data from Alberta (AB), Canada and primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), UK. From a cohort of new metformin users, we identified initiators of a SGLT2-i or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) between January 1, 2014 and March 30, 2018 (AB) or between January 1, 2013 and November 29, 2018 (CPRD).

Risk of hospitalization and death associated with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: A comparison with five other classes of antidiabetic drugs.

Aim: We assessed the risk of all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death associated with the use of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).

Methods: Population-based propensity scores-matched cohort study of new users of metformin who subsequently initiated SGLT2i compared to those who initiated dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) (primary comparison), sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP1-Receptors agonists, and insulin, respectively. Alberta (Canada) health administrative data and United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) data were used to assess the study outcomes.

Cohort study of medical cannabis authorization and motor vehicle crash-related healthcare visits in 2014-2017 in Ontario, Canada.

Background: With increasing numbers of countries/jurisdictions legalizing cannabis, cannabis impaired driving has become a serious public health concern. Despite substantive research linking cannabis use with higher rates of motor vehicle crashes (MVC), there is an absence of conclusive evidence linking MVC risk with medical cannabis use. In fact, there is no clear understanding of the impact of medical cannabis use on short- and long-term motor vehicle-related healthcare visits.

Risk of heart failure after community acquired pneumonia: prospective controlled study with 10 years of follow-up.

 To determine the attributable risk of community acquired pneumonia on incidence of heart failure throughout the age range of affected patients and severity of the infection. Cohort study. Six hospitals and seven emergency departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2000-02.

Ten-Year Mortality after Community-acquired Pneumonia. A Prospective Cohort.

Rationale: Information on the long-term prognosis after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is limited.

Objectives: To determine if CAP increases adverse long-term outcomes relative to a control population.

Methods: Between 2000 and 2002, 6,078 adults with CAP from six hospitals and seven emergency departments in Edmonton (AB, Canada) were prospectively recruited and matched on age, sex, and site of treatment with five control subjects without pneumonia (n = 29,402).

Pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk: a multipopulation pooled, cumulative exposure analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: The evidence on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer is contradictory, with many studies subject to allocation bias. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of exposure to pioglitazone on bladder cancer risk internationally across several cohorts. The potential for allocation bias was minimised by focusing on the cumulative effect of pioglitazone as the primary endpoint using a time-dependent approach.

Sitagliptin use in patients with diabetes and heart failure: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The study objective was to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure (HF).

Background: There is uncertainty in the literature about whether dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors cause harm in patients with HF and T2D.

Methods: We analyzed data from a national commercially insured U.

Stress hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes in 2124 patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

Objective: Our goal was to determine the association between random admission hyperglycemia and new diagnosis of diabetes after discharge in patients hospitalized with pneumonia.

Methods: Clinical data, including the Pneumonia Severity Index, were prospectively collected on all 2124 patients without diabetes admitted with pneumonia to 6 hospitals in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Admission glucose was classified as: normal (4.

Pneumococcal vaccination and risk of acute coronary syndromes in patients with pneumonia: population-based cohort study.

Background: It is vigorously debated whether pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPV) reduces risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: Clinical data were prospectively collected on a population-based cohort of adults presenting with CAP in Edmonton (Alberta, Canada). Multivariable Cox models and propensity matching were used to examine the association between PPV status and ACS events within 90 days of pneumonia.

Guideline adherence and macrolides reduced mortality in outpatients with pneumonia.

Background: For outpatients with pneumonia, guidelines recommend empiric antibiotics and some suggest macrolides are preferred agents. We hypothesized that both guideline-concordant antibiotics and macrolides would be associated with reduced mortality.

Methods: All outpatients with pneumonia assessed at 7 Emergency Departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were enrolled in a population-based registry that included clinical-radiographic data, Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and treatments.

Incidence, correlates, and chest radiographic yield of new lung cancer diagnosis in 3398 patients with pneumonia.

Background: One reason chest radiographs are recommended after pneumonia is to exclude underlying lung cancer. Our aims were to determine the incidence and correlates of new lung cancer and the diagnostic yield of new lung cancer by chest radiography in patients with pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of patients with chest radiography-confirmed pneumonia, who were discharged alive from hospitals and emergency departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.