Histiocytosis and adult-onset orbital xanthogranuloma in 2023: a review of the literature and mini case series.

Purpose: Within the large umbrella of histiocytosis are a few similar yet heterogenous entities involving the orbit and periocular tissues with or without systemic infiltration, termed adult onset xanthogranuloma or orbital xanthogranuloma. Due to rarity of these conditions, different classifications in use, diverse clinical presentations and still unknown etiology, the aim of this paper was to provide an up-to-date literature review of the actual understanding of histiocytosis and its subgroups involving the orbit and periocular area, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic modalities.

Methods: We present a review of literature and small case series comprising four patients diagnosed and treated in the period from 2001 until 2023 in our hospital.

Influence of Clinically Active Graves' Ophthalmopathy on Spherical Equivalent and Visual Acuity.

Purpose: Clinical experience regarding the fluctuations of the refractive error of the eye during the different stages of Graves' ophthalmopathy observed through outpatient clinic frequent check-ups points towards an underestimated and often overlooked problem. Published data about it are sparse. The clinical manifestations of Graves' ophthalmopathy can be understood from the perspective of "compartment syndrome" and literature implies how such changes can affect the refractive error and consequently, the visual acuity.

Quality of Life and Depression Level in Patients with Watery Eye.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess subjective, human aspect of the medical condition, evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and level of depressive symptoms in patients with watery eye and compare it with patients with two most common causes of visual deterioration: cataract and macular region pathology. The results of this study may serve to raise awareness of watery eye impact on a large number of patients and subsequently promote their treatment in order to restore full visual and life quality necessary for normal human functioning.

Subjects And Methods: In this prospective, randomised, questionnaire-based study, we have surveyed three groups of patients with a total of 210 patients: group with the watery eye of different etiology (n=69), group with one pseudophakic eye and one cataract eye (n=73) and group with the unilateral pathology of the macular region (n=68).