Can Artificial Intelligence Mitigate Missed Diagnoses by Generating Differential Diagnoses for Neurosurgeons?

Background/objective: Neurosurgery emphasizes the criticality of accurate differential diagnoses, with diagnostic delays posing significant health and economic challenges. As large language models (LLMs) emerge as transformative tools in healthcare, this study seeks to elucidate their role in assisting neurosurgeons with the differential diagnosis process, especially during preliminary consultations.

Methods: This study employed 3 chat-based LLMs, ChatGPT (versions 3.

Impact of environmental pollutants on pediatric brain tumor incidence in New Jersey.

Objective: The relationship between environmental contaminants and brain tumor incidence in adults has been thoroughly explored but research into how these contaminants affect pediatric brain tumor (PBT) incidence has not been explored. Children, typically having more limited geographical movement and thus more consistent environmental contaminant exposure, might offer more reliable insights into which environmental contaminants affect the incidence of brain tumors. The present study is the first to focus on exploring whether a possible association exists between the incidence of PBTs and exposure to environmental pollutants in New Jersey (NJ).

Analysis of Concussions Reported in American Professional Football Injury Reports in the 2019 Through 2023 Regular Seasons.

Objective: The National Football League (NFL) has seen increasing scrutiny regarding its management of concussions, especially following an on-field incident involving the Miami Dolphins' quarterback Tua Tagovailoa in the 2022 season. We hope to elucidate the recent trends in the diagnosis and management of concussions during the course of 5 NFL seasons from 2019 to 2023.

Methods: We queried the NFL injury reports from the 2019 through 2023 database recording players listed with concussions.

Can Publicly Available Artificial Intelligence Successfully Identify Current Procedural Terminology Codes for Common Procedures in Neurosurgery?

Objective: Coding for neurosurgical procedures is a complex process that is dynamically changing year to year, through the annual introduction and removal of codes and modifiers. The authors hoped to elucidate if publicly available artificial intelligence (AI) could offer solutions for neurosurgeons with regard to coding.

Methods: Multiple publicly available AI platforms were asked to provide Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and Revenue Value Units (RVU) values for common neurosurgical procedures of the brain and spine with a given indication for the procedure.

Language and Acculturation: Neuropsychological Sequalae of COVID-19 in Indian Americans.

Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) has significant mental health and neuropsychological consequences, but data are insufficient on these specific implications of COVID-19, especially for Indian American patients. Few studies have critically explored risk factors and neuropsychological assessment considerations from a cultural and linguistic perspective, including how they impact the evaluation process for Indian Americans. The present paper focuses on cultural and linguistic considerations for case conceptualization, ethical challenges for best practices, and a specific example with a middle-aged Indian American woman.

A narrative review of the biopsychosocial and health characteristics of Asian Indians in the United States: Clinical and research implications for neuropsychological functioning.

The prevailing scientific literature aggregates Asians living in America into one omnibus category and thus can problematically result in a subpar and at times inaccurate understanding of health, social and cultural factors necessary for competent and informed medical care. A literature search was conducted by cultural experts familiar with Asian Indian culture with a focus on immigrants from this community living in the US. Database using search engines was sought in the following domains: immigration patterns, prevalence for key medical and neurological conditions commonly associated with cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric/psychological needs in the community, some preliminary neuropsychological testing considerations while working with this community, and treatment considerations that could affect adherence and efficacy of outcomes.

Third Window Syndrome: Surgical Management of Cochlea-Facial Nerve Dehiscence.

This communication is the first assessment of outcomes after surgical repair of cochlea-facial nerve dehiscence (CFD) in a series of patients. Pre- and post-operative quantitative measurement of validated survey instruments, symptoms, diagnostic findings and anonymous video descriptions of symptoms in a cohort of 16 patients with CFD and third window syndrome (TWS) symptoms were systematically studied. Observational analytic case-control study.

Integrative rehabilitation of elderly stroke survivors: the design and evaluation of the BrightArm™.

Purpose: To describe the development of the BrightArm upper extremity rehabilitation system, and to determine its clinical feasibility with older hemiplegic patients.

Method: The BrightArm adjusted arm gravity loading through table tilting. Patients wore an arm support that sensed grasp strength and communicated wirelessly with a personal computer.

Clinical validity of the children's category test-level 2 in a mixed sample of school-aged children.

The Children's Category Test (CCT) is a widely used measure of problem solving with adequate psychometric properties. Yet, Shriver and Vacc (n.d.