Classical tosylate/chloride leaving group approach supports a tetrahedral transition state for additions to trigonal carbon.

The experimentally measured rates of solvolysis of 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (2-chloroethyl chloroformate, , 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl -toluenesufonate , and phenoxycarbonyl -toluenesulfonate () were followed at 25.0 °C in various pure and binary aqueous-organic solvents with varying degrees of polarity. An analysis of the rate constants for , and , was carried out using the two-term extended Grunwald-Winstein equation and comparisons are made to the previously published results for ethyl and phenyl chloroformate esters.

Integrative Biological Chemistry Program Includes The Use Of Informatics Tools, GIS And SAS Software Applications.

Wesley College is a private, primarily undergraduate minority-serving institution located in the historic district of Dover, Delaware (DE). The College recently revised its baccalaureate biological chemistry program requirements to include a one-semester Physical Chemistry for the Life Sciences course and project-based experiential learning courses using instrumentation, data-collection, data-storage, statistical-modeling analysis, visualization, and computational techniques. In this revised curriculum, students begin with a traditional set of biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics major core-requirements, a geographic information systems (GIS) course, a choice of an instrumental analysis course or a statistical analysis systems (SAS) programming course, and then, students can add major-electives that further add depth and value to their future post-graduate specialty areas.

Statistical Methods for the Investigation of Solvolysis Mechanisms Illustrated by the Chlorides of the Carbomethoxy Protecting Groups NVOC and FMOC.

The solvolysis of 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (NVOC-Cl, 1) is followed at 25.0°C in twenty hydroxylic solvents. A comparison with previously published rates for benzyl chloroformate and p-nitrobenzyl chloroformate indicates that the inductive effect of the nitro and the two methoxy groups strongly influences the rate of reaction.