Atypical testicular pain.

Testicular tuberculosis (TB) is rare, and, because of this, the lack of pathognomonic clinical features and its tendency to mimic other commoner conditions, the diagnosis is frequently delayed or may be missed. In this case, the initial clinical presentation was typical for bacterial epididymo-orchitis in a 38-year-old man. When the patient failed to improve with standard treatment including broadening of antibiotics, the diagnosis was re-considered because some unusual signs suggested testicular malignancy or lymphoma.

Testis sparing surgery for small testicular masses and frozen section assessment.

Introduction: We present our experience with patients who had suspected testicular masses, managed by a frozen section assessment and testicular sparing surgery.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients over the last 5 years, who underwent a frozen section assessment and testicular sparing surgery for small testicular lesions. The frozen section assessment was compared with the final histology.

Salvage micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction; outcome in men with non-obstructive azoospermia with previous failed sperm retrievals.

Objective: To assess the outcome of micro-dissection testicular exploration sperm extraction (m-TESE) as a salvage treatment in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in whom no sperm was previously found on single/multiple TESE or testicular sperm aspiration (TESA).

Patients And Methods: In all, 58 men with NOA underwent m-TESE. All the patients had previously undergone either single/multiple TESE or TESA with no sperm found.

In the era of micro-dissection sperm retrieval (m-TESE) is an isolated testicular biopsy necessary in the management of men with non-obstructive azoospermia?

Objectives: To assess the outcome of sperm retrieval using micro-dissection-TESE (m-TESE) and simultaneous diagnostic biopsy in NOA to determine if the final definitive histology correlated with the outcome of sperm retrieval by m-TESE in men with NOA. To determine if there was a correlation between FSH levels and positive sperm retrieval rates and assessed the success rate of m-TESE as either a primary or a salvage procedure after previous negative sperm retrieval. The EAU guidelines (2010) recommend that in men with non obstructive azoospermia 'a testicular biopsy is the best procedure to define the histological diagnosis and the possibility of finding sperm'.

Analysis of the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using fresh or frozen sperm.

Objectives: • To compare the outcome of first-attempt intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) ICSI--embryo transfer (ET) cycles using frozen-thawed testicular sperm (FTTS), fresh testicular sperm (FTS), frozen-thawed epididymal sperm (FTES) and fresh epididymal sperm (FES) so as to determine which of these has the most successful ICSI outcome with respect to fertilization rate (FR), pregnancy rate (PR) and birth rate. • To assess the outcomes according to the underlying aetiology of azoospermia.

Patients And Methods: • The records of 493 patients undergoing first-attempt ICSI between 1993 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively.

Cutaneous myiasis of Cordylobia anthropophaga.

We report on a case of glans penis cutaneous myiasis with Cordylobia anthropophaga acquired from Somalia. The mode of transmission and preventative measures are discussed.

Electromotive drug administration with mitomycin C for intravesical treatment of non-muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma.

This article reviews the use and application of electromotive drug administration for the intravesical treatment of bladder cancer. Strong evidence supports the use of passive intravesical chemotherapy in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. More recently, two published randomised trials have shown therapeutic advantage with protocols that use electromotive drug administration to enhance urothelial penetration of intravesical mitomycin C.

Plaque incision and fascia lata grafting in the surgical management of Peyronie's disease.

Objective: To assess the outcome of using modified human fascia lata (Tutoplast, Mentor Corp, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) in the surgical management of Peyronie's disease (PD), as the penile deformity associated with PD can be corrected by plaque incision and saphenous vein grafting (Lue procedure).

Patients And Methods: In all, 14 patients (mean age 51 years, range 34-59) with PD had their penile deformity corrected by plaque incision and Tutoplast grafting. Three patients had a previous unsuccessful Nesbit operation.

The results of plaque incision and venous grafting (Lue procedure) to correct the penile deformity of Peyronie's disease.

Objective: To assess plaque incision and venous grafting (the Lue procedure) to correct the deformity associated with Peyronie's disease and to maintain penile length, evaluating the results over an 8-year period.

Patients And Methods: The penile deformity of 113 patients (mean age 45 years, range 17-71) with Peyronie's disease was corrected by plaque incision and saphenous vein grafting. All patients had stable Peyronie's disease and had a mean (range) penile deformity of 64.

Plaque incision and grafting as a salvage after a failed Nesbit procedure for Peyronie's disease.

Objective: To analyse the outcome of plaque incision and grafting in patients who have a residual penile deformity after a Nesbit procedure for Peyronie's disease, as a further Nesbit procedure may present difficulties in dissection at the previous operative site, and may result in further penile shortening.

Patients And Methods: Over a 5-year period, 15 patients (mean age 58 years, range 34-66) presented with a residual penile deformity after a Nesbit procedure. All the patients had painless and stable Peyronie's disease.

BAY41-2272, a novel nitric oxide independent soluble guanylate cyclase activator, relaxes human and rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro.

Purpose: In cavernous smooth muscle nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylate cyclase, which catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, leading to smooth muscle relaxation, increased blood flow and penile erection. The pyrazolopyridine derivative BAY41-2272 (5-cyclopropyl-2-[1-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-3-yl]pyrimidin-4ylamine) was identified and found to stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase in a NO independent manner. We investigated the effect of BAY41-2272 on human and rabbit corpus cavernosum.

Current concepts in the pharmacotherapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a major men's health issue, with approximately 80% of all men developing this condition within their lifetime. A variety of oral treatments is available, including alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists (alpha-blockers), 5alpha reductase inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors and phytotherapy. A large number of alpha-blockers can be administered, but no single agent has demonstrated a clear superiority over the other drugs.

A Rho-kinase inhibitor, soluble guanylate cyclase activator and nitric oxide-releasing PDE5 inhibitor: novel approaches to erectile dysfunction.

Approximately 50% of men aged over 40 suffer from male erectile dysfunction. Treatment options have widened since the launch of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, sildenafil citrate (Viagra trade mark ). However, a certain portion of the patient population, such as diabetics, do not gain significant benefit from PDE5 inhibitors, possibly due to a lack of endogenous nitric oxide.