The Effect of Pet Insurance on Presurgical Euthanasia of Dogs With Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus: A Novel Approach to Quantifying Economic Euthanasia in Veterinary Emergency Medicine.

Euthanasia of companion animals in veterinary emergency medicine is a common cause of death. Euthanasia is economic when it is the consequence of the pet owner's inability to afford essential treatment while a viable medical alternative to euthanasia exists. Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is an acute life-threatening emergency condition of dogs; if left untreated, rapid death is highly likely.

Nitric Oxide Resistance, Induced in the Myocardium by Diabetes, Is Circumvented by the Nitric Oxide Redox Sibling, Nitroxyl.

Impairment of tissue responsiveness to exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO), known as NO resistance, occurs in many cardiovascular disease states, prominently in diabetes and especially in the presence of marked hyperglycemia. In this study, we sought to determine in moderate and severe diabetes (i) whether NO resistance also occurs in the myocardium, and (ii) whether the NO redox sibling nitroxyl (HNO) circumvents this. The spectrum of acute NO effects (induced by diethylamine-NONOate), including vasodilation, and enhanced myocardial contraction and relaxation were impaired by moderately diabetic rats ([blood glucose] ∼20 m).

Adverse vascular remodelling is more sensitive than endothelial dysfunction to hyperglycaemia in diabetic rat mesenteric arteries.

Increased vascular stiffness and reduced endothelial nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are characteristic of diabetes. Whether these are evident at a more moderate levels of hyperglycaemia has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between the level of glycaemia and resistance vasculature phenotype, incorporating both arterial stiffness and endothelial function.