Cytochrome P-450 gene and drug interaction analysis in patients referred for pharmacogenetic testing.

Purpose: The results of a study of variant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) alleles and associated risks of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and altered drug metabolism are reported.

Methods: The records of a pharmacogenetic testing laboratory were retrospectively analyzed to identify patients tested for polymorphisms of genes coding for five CYP isozymes important in drug metabolism (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5) over a 16-month period. Based on the results of phenotyping, the patients were categorized by expected CYP isozyme activity (e.

Cytoplasmic protein quality control degradation mediated by parallel actions of the E3 ubiquitin ligases Ubr1 and San1.

Eukaryotic cells maintain proteostasis by quality control (QC) degradation. These pathways can specifically target a wide variety of distinct misfolded proteins, and so are important for management of cellular stress. Although a number of conserved QC pathways have been described in yeast, the E3 ligases responsible for cytoplasmic QC are unknown.

Posttranslational regulation of pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase in developing rice (Oryza sativa) seeds.

Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK; E.C.2.