Special Considerations in Podiatric Science: Translational Research, Cadavers, Gait Analysis, Dermatology, and Databases.

The objective of this article is to provide a brief overview of the critical analysis and design of unique and perhaps less common methodologies in podiatric science. These include basic science translational designs, cadaveric investigations, gait analyses, dermatologic studies, and database analysis. The relative advantages, disadvantages, and inherent limitations are reviewed with an intention to improve the interpretation of results and advance future foot and ankle scientific endeavors.

2023 International Consensus Meeting on musculoskeletal infection: Summary from the treatment workgroup and consensus on treatment in preclinical models.

In vitro and in vivo studies are critical for the preclinical efficacy assessment of novel therapies targeting musculoskeletal infections (MSKI). Many preclinical models have been developed and applied as a prelude to evaluating safety and efficacy in human clinical trials. In performing these studies, there is both a requirement for a robust assessment of efficacy, as well as a parallel responsibility to consider the burden on experimental animals used in such studies.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Management of Diabetic Feet.

Purpose Of Review: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition affecting many individuals worldwide and leads to billions of dollars spent within the healthcare system for its treatment and complications. Complications from diabetes include diabetic foot conditions that can have a devasting impact on quality of life. Diabetic foot ulcers and amputations occur in minority individuals at an increased rate compared to Caucasian individuals.

Anatomy of the Deltoid-Spring Ligament Complex.

A thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the deltoid and spring ligament complex is important for treatment of deformities that impact the foot and ankle. Both ligaments are interconnected, and the study of their anatomic characteristics is better performed together than in isolation. The deltoid ligament is a group of ligaments that derives its origin from the medial malleolus, and the spring ligament complex consist of a group of ligaments that connects the navicular and the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus.

American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Clinical Consensus Statement: Appropriate Clinical Management of Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity.

This clinical consensus statement of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons focuses on the highly debated subject of the management of adult flatfoot (AAFD). In developing this statement, the AAFD consensus statement panel attempted to address the most relevant issues facing the foot and ankle surgeon today, using the best evidence-based literature available. The panel created and researched 16 statements and generated opinions on the appropriateness of the statements.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) reduced expression and synthesis of SOST/sclerostin in bone explant cultures: implication of PEDF-osteocyte gene regulation in vivo.

Mutations in Serpinf1 gene which encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) lead to osteogenesis imperfecta type VI whose hallmark is defective matrix mineralization. We reported previously that PEDF reduced expression and synthesis of Sost/Sclerostin as well as other osteocytes genes encoding proteins that regulate matrix mineralization [1]. To determine whether PEDF had an effect on osteocyte gene expression in bone, we used bone explant cultures.

Effects of Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy and Calcaneal Z Osteotomy on Subtalar Joint Pressures: A Cadaveric Flatfoot Model.

Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomies have been shown to be successful in the surgical management of adult acquired flatfoot, in particular, stage 2 deformity. Classically, the medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy technique has been performed. However, a calcaneal Z osteotomy has been more recently described and applied in the surgical management of flatfoot deformity.

Accelerating the pace of discovery in orthopaedic research: A vision toward team science.

The landscape of basic science in the United States and around the world is changing, and the field of orthopaedic research is positioned to lead by embracing a culture of collaborative, team science that reflects our field's interdisciplinary nature. In this article we hope to address some of the cultural challenges and programmatic barriers that impede a team science approach in the US and suggest opportunities for change. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society.

Nail and skin disorders of the foot.

Disorders of the dermis and the nails on the feet are common. Despite the simplicity of the skin and nail disorders of the foot, they can be debilitating and impact the patient's ability to ambulate and perform activities of daily living. Diagnosis in most cases is confirmed on physical examination alone.

Unilateral versus bilateral first ray surgery: a prospective study of 186 consecutive cases--patient satisfaction, cost to society, and complications.

Many studies have evaluated bilateral versus unilateral surgery in large joints, but limited research is available to compare outcomes of bilateral staged foot surgeries versus synchronous bilateral foot surgery. In total, 186 consecutive cases of first metatarsal-phalangeal (MTP) joint surgery were prospectively included in this study; 252 procedures were performed: 120 were unilateral or staged bilateral operations, and 66 were synchronous bilateral operations. Patients were evaluated at 6 and 12 weeks for specific early complications and surveyed about their return to work, activities of daily living, shoe gear requirements, satisfaction, and reasons for choosing staged or synchronous surgery.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for interdigital neuroma: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Background: We sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy as a therapeutic treatment for destroying Morton's neuroma.

Methods: Twenty-five patients (25 feet) were included in the study. Indications for participation were more than 8 months of conservative care with a visual analog scale pain score of 4 or greater.

Revisional peripheral nerve surgery.

Peripheral nerve disorders are difficult to manage. In the surgical treatment of patients with peripheral nerve pathology, there are a multitude of factors that may alter the outcome of the patient's recovery and lead to incomplete recovery or possibly worsening of symptoms. The anatomy and function of the peripheral nerve is unique and the evaluation and management of these disorders must be approached in a manner different from musculoskeletal disorders.

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathies: a prospective study.

Background: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic tendon pathology in the elbow, shoulder, and plantar fascia. This prospective study examines the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon disorders.

Methods: Twenty-three patients (23 feet) were treated with extracorporeal shockwave therapy for Achilles tendinosis, insertional tendonitis, or both.