The effect of increased ambient temperature on Hsp70, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and caspase activity in relation to the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway of broiler blood cells.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of increased ambient temperature on Hsp70 expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3 in relation to the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway (IAP and EAP) of broiler blood cells (BBC). BBC were maintained at 42 °C and at 5 ranges of temperatures; 42-43, 44-45, 46-47, 48-49, and 50-51 °C. Then Hsp70 expression, SOD activity, NO, MDA, activity of caspase 8, caspase 9 and caspase 3, and living and apoptotic BBC were measured.

Paraquat modulates immunological function in bone marrow-derived macrophages.

The herbicide paraquat (PQ) is known to affect the immune system. Many reports have indicated that PQ impacts on the viability and functions of the immune cells, however, the underlying mechanism in detail is still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PQ on the free radical production, oxidative stress, cell death and pro-inflammatory gene expression of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6NJcl mice in vitro.

Derrischalcone suppresses cholangiocarcinoma cells through targeting ROS-mediated mitochondrial cell death, Akt/mTOR, and FAK pathways.

Chemotherapy is a palliative treatment for unresectable patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, drug resistance is a major cause of the failure of this treatment. Derrischalcone (DC), a novel chalcone isolated from Derris indica fruit, has been shown pharmacologically active; though, the effect of DC on CCA is unknown.

Metformin sensitizes cholangiocarcinoma cell to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity through oxidative stress mediated mitochondrial pathway.

Aims: Metformin (Met), an essential antidiabetic agent, shows antitumor activity in some cancers. A previous study showed that Met enhanced cytotoxic activity of cisplatin (Cis) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in association with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and suppression of Akt-mTOR. However, these effects do not entirely explain the observed chemosensitizing effect.

Metformin enhances cisplatin induced inhibition of cholangiocarcinoma cells via AMPK-mTOR pathway.

Aims: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a cellular energy sensor regulating various aspects of cellular metabolism. Metformin (Met), an activator of AMPK, has been reported to reduce the cancer risk and enhance antitumor effects in certain cancers. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy which rarely responds to chemotherapeutic agents.

Suppression of Nrf2 confers chemosensitizing effect through enhanced oxidant-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Aims: Transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates the expression of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes, contributes to proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy in cancer. The inhibition of Nrf2 can sensitize cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells to the cytotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this chemosensitizing effect.