BMIgap: a new tool to quantify transdiagnostic brain signatures of current and future weight.

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of weight gain could reduce excess mortality and improve long-term trajectories of psychiatric disorders. We used support-vector machines and whole-brain voxel-wise grey matter volume to generate and validate a BMI predictor in healthy individuals (N = 1504) and applied it to individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ,N = 146), clinical high-risk states for psychosis (CHR,N = 213) and recent-onset depression (ROD,N = 200). We computed BMIgap (BMI -BMI ), interrogated its brain-level overlaps with SCZ and explored whether BMIgap predicted weight gain at 1- and 2-year follow-up.

Effects of childhood adversities on alexithymia features vary between sexes. Results of a prospective population study.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) associate with various mental disorders, including personality features. Our understanding of how ACEs influence alexithymia features in the general population is limited. In a prospective population setting, we studied whether ACEs associate with alexithymia, and the role of sex and emotional symptoms in this association.

Characteristics of high-dose benzodiazepine use: nationwide cohort study on new benzodiazepine users with 5-year follow-up.

Background: A nationwide register-based cohort study from Finland including 48 124 incident benzodiazepines and related drug (BZDR) users aged 18-65 years who initiated use in 2006 and were not dispensed BZDRs during 2004-2005. The follow-up was 5 years or until death, whichever occurred first.

Aims: To investigate sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with high-dose use of BZDRs (i.

High Burden of Ileus and Pneumonia in Clozapine-Treated Individuals With Schizophrenia: A Finnish 25-Year Follow-Up Register Study.

Objective: The authors used longitudinal biobank data with up to 25 years of follow-up on over 2,600 clozapine users to derive reliable estimates of the real-world burden of clozapine adverse drug events (ADEs).

Methods: A total of 2,659 participants in the FinnGen biobank project had a schizophrenia diagnosis and clozapine purchases with longitudinal electronic health record follow-up for up to 25 years after clozapine initiation. Diseases and health-related events enriched during clozapine use were identified, adjusting for disease severity.

Psychosis metabolic risk calculator (PsyMetRiC) in early psychosis: External validation study in Finland.

Introduction: Accurate detection of cardiometabolic risk in early psychosis is crucial to reducing somatic morbidity and mortality in people with psychotic disorders. We conducted an external validation of the psychosis metabolic risk calculator (PsyMetRiC), a cardiometabolic risk prediction tool developed in the UK and tailored for young people with psychosis. We compared the predictive accuracy and clinical usefulness of PsyMetRiC and a general population-based risk prediction tool for type 2 diabetes, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC).

Longitudinal study on hippocampal subfields and glucose metabolism in early psychosis.

Altered hippocampal morphology and metabolic pathology, but also hippocampal circuit dysfunction, are established phenomena seen in psychotic disorders. Thus, we tested whether hippocampal subfield volume deficits link with deviations in glucose metabolism commonly seen in early psychosis, and whether the glucose parameters or subfield volumes change during follow-up period using one-year longitudinal study design of 78 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 48 clinical high-risk patients (CHR) and 83 controls (CTR). We also tested whether hippocampal morphology and glucose metabolism relate to clinical outcome.

Gender differences in the association between adverse childhood experiences and premature mortality: A prospective population study.

Background: Birth cohort studies have shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with all-cause mortality. The effect of ACEs on premature mortality among working-age people is less clear and may differ between the genders.

Objective: In this prospective population study, we investigated the association of ACEs with all-cause mortality in a working-age population.

Seasonal variation in D2/3 dopamine receptor availability in the human brain.

Purpose: Brain functional and physiological plasticity is essential to combat dynamic environmental challenges. The rhythmic dopamine signaling pathway, which regulates emotion, reward and learning, shows seasonal patterns with higher capacity of dopamine synthesis and lower number of dopamine transporters during dark seasons. However, seasonal variation of the dopamine receptor signaling remains to be characterized.

Long-term benzodiazepine use and risk of labor market marginalization in Finland: A cohort study with 5-year follow-up.

Background: Benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDRs) are widely used in the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders, but cognitive adverse effects have been reported in long-term use, and these may increase the risk of labor market marginalization (LMM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the risk of LMM is associated with new long-term BZDR use compared to short-term use.

Methods: This register-based nationwide cohort study from Finland included 37,703 incident BZDR users aged 18-60 years who initiated BZDR use in 2006.

Distinct multimodal biological and functional profiles of symptom-based subgroups in recent-onset psychosis.

Symptom heterogeneity characterizes psychotic disorders and hinders the delineation of underlying biomarkers. Here, we identify symptom-based subtypes of recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients from the multi-center PRONIA (Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management) database and explore their multimodal biological and functional signatures. We clustered N = 328 ROP patients based on their maximum factor scores in an exploratory factor analysis on the items.

Genetic contribution to disease-course severity and progression in the SUPER-Finland study, a cohort of 10,403 individuals with psychotic disorders.

Genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility of psychotic disorders, but less is known how they affect psychotic disease-course development. Utilizing polygenic scores (PGSs) in combination with longitudinal healthcare data with decades of follow-up we investigated the contributing genetics to psychotic disease-course severity and diagnostic shifts in the SUPER-Finland study, encompassing 10 403 genotyped individuals with a psychotic disorder. To longitudinally track the study participants' past disease-course severity, we created a psychiatric hospitalization burden metric using the full-coverage and nation-wide Finnish in-hospital registry (data from 1969 and onwards).

Alterations in type 2 dopamine receptors across neuropsychiatric conditions: A large-scale PET cohort.

Purpose: Aberrant dopaminergic function is linked with motor, psychotic, and affective symptoms, but studies have typically compared a single patient group with healthy controls.

Methods: Here, we investigated the variation in striatal (caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and putamen) and thalamic type 2 dopamine receptor (DR) availability using [C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) data from a large sample of 437 humans including healthy controls, and subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia, severe violent behavior, pathological gambling, depression, and overweight. We analyzed regional group differences in DR availability.

Polygenic risk for depression predicting temperament trajectories over 15 years - A general population study.

Background: A great number of case-control and population-based studies have shown that depression patients differ from healthy controls in their temperament traits. We investigated whether polygenic risk for depression predicts trajectories of temperament traits from early adulthood to middle age.

Methods: Participants came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 2212).

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia predicting social trajectories in a general population sample.

Background: We investigated (a) whether polygenic risk for schizophrenia predicts different trajectories of social development among those who have not developed psychoses and (b) whether possible associations are PRS-specific or evident also for any polygenic risk for mental disorders, e.g. for major depression.

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, social dispositions, and pace of epigenetic aging: Results from the Young Finns Study.

Schizophrenia is often regarded as a disorder of premature aging. We investigated (a) whether polygenic risk for schizophrenia (PRS ) relates to pace of epigenetic aging and (b) whether personal dispositions toward active and emotionally close relationships protect against accelerated epigenetic aging in individuals with high PRS . The sample came from the population-based Young Finns Study (n = 1348).

Sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis-a one-year follow-up study.

Introduction: A sense of mastery refers to beliefs about having control over one's life and has been found to protect health and buffer the effect of stressful experiences.

Methods: We investigated sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and population controls at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Pearlin and Schooler's Sense of Mastery scale was completed by 322 participants at baseline and by 184 participants at follow-up.

Polygenic liabilities underlying job stress and exhaustion over a 10-year follow-up: A general population study.

We investigated whether individuals, who have a high polygenic loading for schizophrenia and major depression (PGL) but have not developed the respective disorders, are still susceptible to experience milder forms of ill-being in terms of job strain or exhaustion. We used the population-based Young Finns Study data (n = 928). PGL was assessed with a cumulative score of the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and depression.

The heterogeneity of attenuated and brief limited psychotic symptoms: association of contents with age, sex, country, religion, comorbidities, and functioning.

Introduction: The Attenuated Psychosis Symptoms (APS) syndrome mostly represents the ultra-high-risk state of psychosis but, as does the Brief Intermittent Psychotic Symptoms (BIPS) syndrome, shows a large variance in conversion rates. This may be due to the heterogeneity of APS/BIPS that may be related to the effects of culture, sex, age, and other psychiatric morbidities. Thus, we investigated the different thematic contents of APS and their association with sex, age, country, religion, comorbidity, and functioning to gain a better understanding of the psychosis-risk syndrome.

Childhood family environment predicting psychotic disorders over a 37-year follow-up - A general population cohort study.

Background: Childhood adverse effects and traumatic experiences increase the risk for several psychiatric disorders. We now investigated whether prospectively assessed childhood family environment per se contributes to increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood, and whether these family patterns are also relevant in the development of affective disorders.

Methods: We used the Young Finns Data (n = 3502).

Structural and Functional Brain Patterns Predict Formal Thought Disorder's Severity and Its Persistence in Recent-Onset Psychosis: Results From the PRONIA Study.

Background: Formal thought disorder (FThD) is a core feature of psychosis, and its severity and long-term persistence relates to poor clinical outcomes. However, advances in developing early recognition and management tools for FThD are hindered by a lack of insight into the brain-level predictors of FThD states and progression at the individual level.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-three individuals with recent-onset psychosis were drawn from the multisite European Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management study.

Cohort profile: SUPER-Finland - the Finnish study for hereditary mechanisms of psychotic disorders.

Purpose: SUPER-Finland is a large Finnish collection of psychosis cases. This cohort also represents the Finnish contribution to the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genetics Initiative, which seeks to diversify genetic sample collection to include Asian, Latin American and African populations in addition to known population isolates, such as Finland.

Participants: 10 474 individuals aged 18 years or older were recruited throughout the country.

Functional Characterization of Six (OATP1B1) Variants Observed in Finnish Individuals with a Psychotic Disorder.

Variants in the (solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1) gene encoding the OATP1B1 (organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1) protein are associated with altered transporter function that can predispose patients to adverse drug effects with statin treatment. We explored the effect of six rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) occurring in Finnish individuals with a psychotic disorder on expression and functionality of the OATP1B1 protein. The SUPER-Finland study has performed exome sequencing on 9381 individuals with at least one psychotic episode during their lifetime.

Substance Use and Sleep Problems in Patients With Psychotic Disorders.

Background: Substance use and sleep problems are common in patients with psychotic disorders, but their associations in these patients have not been evaluated. We aimed to investigate associations between substance use and sleep problems in a large nationwide cohort of patients with a psychotic disorder.

Study Design: This study is part of the Finnish SUPER study, which belongs to the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genomics Initiative.