Micronutrient Status and Nutritional Intake in 0- to 2-Year-old Children Consuming a Cows' Milk Exclusion Diet.

Objectives: To study micronutrient status and nutritional intake from complementary feeding in children on a cows' milk exclusion (CME) diet.

Methods: Fifty-seven children with cows' milk allergy, younger than 2 years, were included in a cross-sectional study. Blood was analyzed for micronutrient status.

Iodine Status and Growth In 0-2-Year-Old Infants With Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Objectives: The aim of the present article was to investigate iodine status and growth in cow's milk protein allergic infants and to identify potential predictors of iodine status and growth.

Methods: Fifty-seven infants under 2 years of age were included in an observational cross-sectional study. Two spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for iodine, together with a 3-day food record and a food frequency questionnaire.

Symptoms and Mucosal Changes Stable During Rapid Increase of Pediatric Celiac Disease in Norway.

Objectives: We aimed to study whether the incidence of pediatric celiac disease (CD) in South-Eastern Norway changed from 2000 to 2010. We also examined whether there was a change in symptoms and histopathological morphology in the duodenal biopsies during the same period.

Methods: In 3 hospitals in South-Eastern Norway, records from pediatric patients (0-14.

Development of gut microbiota in infants not exposed to medical interventions.

Knowledge of the composition of a normal healthy gut microbiota during infancy is important for understanding the role of gut microbiota in disease. A limitation of previous studies is that they are based on infants who have been subject to factors, which can have a profound disruptive effect on the natural colonization process. We describe the colonization process, during the first 4 months after birth, in 85 infants who have experienced no major medical or dietary interventions.

Alignment-independent comparisons of human gastrointestinal tract microbial communities in a multidimensional 16S rRNA gene evolutionary space.

We present a novel approach for comparing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries that is independent of both DNA sequence alignment and definition of bacterial phylogroups. These steps are the major bottlenecks in current microbial comparative analyses. We used direct comparisons of taxon density distributions in an absolute evolutionary coordinate space.

The proportion of CD40+ mucosal macrophages is increased in inflammatory bowel disease whereas CD40 ligand (CD154)+ T cells are relatively decreased, suggesting differential modulation of these costimulatory molecules in human gut lamina propria.

Background: Signal transduction through binding of CD40 on antigen-presenting cells and CD40 ligand (CD154) on T cells appears to be crucial for mutual cellular activation. Antibodies aimed at blocking the CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathway dampen the severity of experimental colitis. To elucidate the microanatomical basis for signaling through this costimulatory pathway in human inflammatory bowel disease, we studied in situ the cellular distribution of these 2 molecules on lamina propria macrophages and T cells, respectively.

Bowel magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric patients with oral mannitol MRI compared to endoscopy and intestinal ultrasound.

The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients with clinical suspicion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by comparing MRI and ultrasound (US) to endoscopy, the gold standard. A median volume of 300 ml of mannitol in a 15% [corrected] watery solution were ingested by 43 children prior to examination. The 53 MRI examinations were compared with 20 endoscopies and 41 US of the terminal ileum.

Allergen-responsive CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in children who have outgrown cow's milk allergy.

Cow's milk allergy in children is often of short duration, which makes this disorder an interesting clinical model for studies of tolerance to dietary antigens. Here, we studied T cell responses in 21 initially allergic children who, after a milk-free period of >2 mo, had cow's milk reintroduced to their diet. Children who outgrew their allergy (tolerant children) had higher frequencies of circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and decreased in vitro proliferative responses to bovine beta-lactoglobulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with children who maintained clinically active allergy.