Odor Identification by Parkinson's Disease Patients Tested by Using Sniffin' Sticks versus Natural Spices.

Introduction: Hyposmia is a frequent symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which greatly impacts patients' flavor perception and their quality of life. However, PD patients recognize some odors better than others. Identifying which food odors are still recognized by PD patients may be useful for flavor enhancement.

Parkinson's disease patients' short chain fatty acids production capacity after in vitro fecal fiber fermentation.

Animal models indicate that butyrate might reduce motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Some dietary fibers are butyrogenic, but in Parkinson's disease patients their butyrate stimulating capacity is unknown. Therefore, we investigated different fiber supplements' effects on short-chain fatty acid production, along with potential underlying mechanisms, in Parkinson's patients and age-matched healthy controls.

Daily lying time, motion index and step frequency in dairy cows change throughout lactation.

Lying behaviour in dairy cows has the potential to be used for welfare assessment or problem detection, but knowledge about variation in normal lying behaviour is scarce. Accelerometer data were collected at four Danish farms from 366 Holstein dairy cows in loose-housing systems in 2008 and 2009. Daily lying time decreased steeply during early lactation to a minimum around four weeks after calving, followed by a steady increase towards the end of lactation.

Review: Quantifying animal feeding behaviour with a focus on pigs.

The study of animal feeding behaviour is of interest to understand feeding, to investigate the effect of treatments and conditions or to predict illness. This paper reviews the different steps to undertake when studying animal feeding behaviour, with illustrations for group-housed pigs. First, one must be aware of the mechanisms that control feeding and the various influences that can change feeding behaviour.