The Problem No One is Talking About: Forensic Evaluators' Lack of Familiarity with Dimensional Approaches to Personality and Psychopathology.

Historically, forensic evaluators have relied heavily upon various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders when rendering psycholegal opinions. The field of mental health is increasing moving toward dimensional models of personality and psychopathology in lieu of traditional DSM categorical models, though the domains of forensic psychology and psychiatry have been slow to make this transition. The current study therefore sought to examine forensic evaluators' familiarity with dimensional approaches to personality and psychopathology, namely the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).

Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the Big Five Inventory-2.

The Big Five Inventory - 2 (BFI-2) is a commonly used self-report assessment of normal personality trait domains (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Negative Emotionality, Open-Mindedness) and facets. To date, however, no direct measures of response distortion have been developed for it to identify potentially invalid responses. Such distortions (e.

Deriving the Transdiagnostic Scales From the Personality Assessment Inventory and SPECTRA: Indices of Psychopathology: A Demonstration.

Transdiagnostic models of psychopathology address many of the shortcomings common to categorical diagnostic systems. These empirically derived models conceptualize psychopathology as a few broad interrelated and hierarchically arranged dimensions, with an overarching general psychopathology dimension, the p-factor, at the apex. While transdiagnostic models are gaining prominence in mental health research, the lack of available tools has limited their clinical translation.

The influence of trauma symptoms on interpersonal attributions in daily life.

There is well-documented evidence that trauma exposure can disrupt relationships. However, limited research has examined whether posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) moderate interpersonal processes in daily life. To this end, undergraduates (N = 98) completed a measure of PTSS at baseline.

Triarchic psychopathy and affective picture processing: An event-related potential study.

Psychopathy and its precursors appear to be associated with abnormal affective response. For example, individuals high in psychopathy show reduced psychophysiological response to unpleasant stimuli, which might explain low levels of empathy in psychopathic individuals, and their pursuit of individual goals without regard for others' wellbeing. In keeping with the notion that psychopathology is best represented on a continuum, the triarchic model suggests that psychopathy is characterized by elevations on three traits: boldness, meanness and disinhibition.

Using the Personality Assessment Inventory to Assess the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders: Criterion Validity in a Clinical Sample.

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a broadband measure of psychopathology that is widely used in applied settings. Researchers developed regression-based estimates that use the PAI to measure constructs of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) - a hybrid dimensional and categorical approach to conceptualizing personality disorders. Although prior work has linked these estimates to formal measures of the AMPD, there is little work investigating the clinical correlates of this scoring approach of the PAI.

Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised.

Inconsistent or careless responding is a significant threat to the validity of self-reported personality data. Using archival samples of undergraduate and community participants, we developed an inconsistent responding scale using items that appear on both the 60- and 100-item versions of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised-two widely used measures of the HEXACO model of personality trait structure. We identified pairs of correlated HEXACO items in Sample 1 and created a total inconsistent responding score by summing absolute differences between each item pair.

Psychology Internship Training Amidst COVID-19: Balancing Training Opportunities, Patient Care, and Risk of Exposure.

The emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically altered how psychologists deliver its training. At least for the time being, virtual care has become the primary method for delivering mental health services. This has allowed patients and clinicians to continue to access and provide services in a way that would have been impossible years ago.

Exploring the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Using SCORS-G Ratings on Thematic Apperception Test Narratives.

The Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in Section III of the fifth edition of the ; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) conceptualizes personality pathology as a combination of impairment (Criterion A) and traits (Criterion B). One measure used to develop Criterion A was the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale - Global Rating Method (SCORS-G), which is a multidimensional, object-relational clinician-rated measure of personality functioning. Although there are conceptual links between the AMPD and SCORS-G dimensions, there exists no research examining the relationship.

A Comparison of Two Five-Factor Model Operationalizations of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in a Clinical Sample.

Structural models of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model (FFM), continue to inform ongoing debates regarding what personality attributes and trait domains are central to psychopathy. A growing body of literature has linked the constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to the FFM. Recently, researchers developed both item and regression-based measures of the triarchic model of psychopathy using the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised-a popular measure of the FFM.

Intolerance of uncertainty, depression and the error-related negativity.

Prior work has yielded contradictory findings regarding the association between depression and the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential thought to reflect individual variation in sensitivity to internal threat (i.e., errors), and the error positivity (Pe), which is thought to reflect more elaborative, conscious processing of errors.

When's a story a story? Determining interpretability of Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global ratings on Thematic Apperception Test narratives.

The Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale-Global Rating Method (SCORS-G) measures the quality of object relations in narrative material. The reliability and validity of this measure have been well established. However, a psychometric oddity of this scale is that default ratings are given to select dimensions when the relevant construct is not present.

A Comparison of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI)-Triarchic Scales and the YPI in a Sample of Justice-Involved Youth.

The Triarchic model (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) posits that psychopathy consists of three elements: Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition. Drislane et al. (2015) recently derived scales from the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed, Kerr, Stattin, & Levander, 2002) to assess these traits.

Development and initial validation of the HEXACO-Triarchic scales.

The Triarchic Model posits that psychopathic personality traits are captured by three dimensions-boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. Recent findings indicate considerable overlap between the Triarchic constructs and the six-factor HEXACO (honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) model of normal personality traits (Ruchensky & Donnellan, 2017). The current study describes the development and validation of Triarchic proxy scales drawn from the HEXACO-100 item pool (Lee & Ashton, 2016) using two large undergraduate samples (s = 545, 398) and a community sample from MTurk ( = 391).

Examining the utility of the Personality Assessment Screener in three criminal justice samples.

Many individuals in forensic/correctional settings experience significant mental health problems, yet effective screening tools to identify such difficulties are in relatively short supply. This study investigates the clinical utility of the Personality Assessment Screener (PAS; Morey, 1997), a 22-item self-report measure of risk for emotional and behavioral dysfunction, across three archival criminal justice samples (incarcerated sex offenders, prison inmates housed in general population and psychiatric units, and jail detainees). The PAS is derived from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991, 2007), a more comprehensive measure of emotional and behavioral disturbances that is widely used in forensic/correctional settings.

Evaluating the structure of psychopathic personality traits: A meta-analysis of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory.

Which core traits exemplify psychopathic personality disorder is a hotly debated question within psychology, particularly regarding the role of ostensibly adaptive traits such as stress immunity, social potency, and fearlessness. Much of the research on the interrelationships among putatively adaptive and more maladaptive traits of psychopathy has focused on the factor structure of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) and its revision, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). These instruments include content scales that have coalesced to form 2 higher order factors in some (but not all) prior studies: Fearless Dominance and Self-Centered Impulsivity.

Triarchic psychopathy and deficits in facial affect recognition.

Objective: Impaired socialization due to amygdala dysfunction has been proposed as a factor underlying psychopathy. Supporting this hypothesis, some research indicates that psychopathy is associated with deficits in facial affect recognition, but other studies have failed to find such a relationship. This study investigated whether healthy young adults elevated in psychopathic traits displayed deficits in identifying facial affective displays overall as well as deficits specific to fear recognition.

Item response theory applications in personality disorder research.

This article describes how item response theory (IRT) has begun to address several of the measurement limitations inherent in the personality disorder (PD) literature. In particular, we describe how IRT can be used to improve PD measurement precision, develop PD instruments, and inform PD theory. In closing, we address a key assumption of unidimensional IRT models, and address the need to move beyond these models to include multidimensional models.

Development and Initial Validation of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory.

The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) is widely used in research, but there currently exist no means to identify potentially invalid protocols resulting from careless or random responding. We describe the development of an inconsistent responding scale for the YPI using three archival samples of youths, including two from the United States (juvenile justice and middle school) and one from Germany (vocational training school). We first identified pairs of correlated YPI items and then created a total score based on the sum of the absolute value of the differences for each item pair.

Using the Personality Assessment Inventory Antisocial and Borderline Features Scales to Predict Behavior Change: A Multisite Longitudinal Study of Youthful Offenders.

A substantial amount of research has examined the developmental trajectory of antisocial behavior and, in particular, the relationship between antisocial behavior and maladaptive personality traits. However, research typically has not controlled for previous behavior (e.g.

Examining the reliability and validity of an abbreviated Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) in four samples.

A recently developed 40-item short-form of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R; Lilienfeld & Widows, 2005) has shown considerable promise as an alternative to the long-form of the instrument (Eisenbarth, Lilienfeld, & Yarkoni, 2015). Beyond the initial construction of the short-form, however, Eisenbarth et al. only evaluated a small number of external correlates in a German college student sample.

Interrater reliability of Violence Risk Appraisal Guide scores provided in Canadian criminal proceedings.

Published research suggests that most violence risk assessment tools have relatively high levels of interrater reliability, but recent evidence of inconsistent scores among forensic examiners in adversarial settings raises concerns about the "field reliability" of such measures. This study specifically examined the reliability of Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) scores in Canadian criminal cases identified in the legal database, LexisNexis. Over 250 reported cases were located that made mention of the VRAG, with 42 of these cases containing 2 or more scores that could be submitted to interrater reliability analyses.