Melanoma in infants, caused by a gene fusion involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK).

We describe the first cases of pediatric melanoma with ALK fusion gene arising within giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Two newborn boys presented with large pigmented nodular plaques and numerous smaller satellite nevi. Additional expansile nodules developed within both nevi and invasive melanomas were diagnosed before 10 months of age in both boys.

Nonparasitic Splenic Cysts in Children: Outcomes after Sclerotherapy or Surgical Resection as Initial Management.

Management of splenic cysts in children remains undefined. Sclerotherapy is an innovative, less invasive treatment. This study examined the safety and preliminary effectiveness of sclerotherapy for splenic cysts in children compared with those of surgical treatment.

Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography in Distinguishing Cystic Pleuropulmonary Blastoma From Benign Congenital Lung Malformations in Children.

Importance: The ability of computed tomography (CT) to distinguish between benign congenital lung malformations and malignant cystic pleuropulmonary blastomas (PPBs) is unclear.

Objective: To assess whether chest CT can detect malignant tumors among postnatally detected lung lesions in children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective multicenter case-control study used a consortium database of 521 pathologically confirmed primary lung lesions from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2015, to assess diagnostic accuracy.

Weight gain and resource utilization in infants after fundoplication versus gastrojejunostomy.

Purpose: There is wide practice variation in the use of laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) versus gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tube insertion for children who do not tolerate gastric feeds. Using weight gain as an objective proxy of adequate nutrition, we sought to evaluate the difference in weight gain between LF and GJ.

Methods: A retrospective, cohort study was conducted of patients ≤ 2 years who underwent LF or GJ between 2014 and 2019 at a single institution.

Pediatric Vascular Malformations: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations.

Vascular malformations are commonly encountered in the pediatric population. This article reviews the imaging appearances of simple and syndromic vascular malformations in infants and children that radiologists should know and provides imaging guidelines based on an evidence-based approach. Malformations are discussed within the framework of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification system.

Midline venous catheters as an alternative to central line catheter placement: a product evaluation.

Midline catheters have emerged as a successful alternative to peripheral venous catheters (PVCs) and central venous catheters (CVCs) in select patients. Midline catheters allow for greater duration of access when compared with PVCs and avoid the critical complications associated with CVCs. This article describes the implementation of the Powerwand midline at a large paediatric tertiary care facility in acute and intensive care settings, and presents illustrative cases of the catheter in use.

Spectrum of Imaging Manifestations of Vascular Malformations and Tumors Beyond Childhood: What General Radiologists Need to Know.

Vascular anomalies encompass a collection of diagnoses that differ greatly in terms of clinical presentation, natural history, imaging findings, and management. The purpose of this article is to review diagnostic imaging findings of vascular malformations and vascular tumors, excluding the central nervous system, that occur beyond childhood. A widely accepted classification system created by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies provides a framework for this review, focusing on the entities most likely to be encountered by general radiologists, although several rare but clinically important entities are also reviewed.

Adherence to the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics Urinary Tract Infection Guidelines for Voiding Cystourethrogram Ordering by Clinician Specialty.

Objective: To evaluate rates of guideline adherence and associations with voiding cystourethrogram result. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend voiding cystourethrogram after abnormal renal ultrasound or 2 febrile urinary tract infections. It is unclear whether guideline adherence increases vesicoureteral reflux detection.

Urinary tract infection after retrograde urethrogram in children: A multicenter study.

Introduction: The risk of post-procedural urinary tract infection (ppUTI) after retrograde urethrogram (RUG) has not been well quantified. Prophylactic antibiotics may reduce the risk, but must be weighed against the risks of antibiotic resistance. Prior research has shown that this risk is variable after voiding cystourethrogram (0-42% reported ppUTI rate) and appears to be low after urodynamics (0-4.