Feasibility of focused-pulsed treated waste activated sludge as a supplemental electron donor for denitrification.

We evaluated the feasibility of using waste activated sludge (WAS) from a wastewater treatment plant as an internal electron donor to fuel denitrification, by increasing its bioavailability with Focused-Pulsed (FP) technology. The focused-pulsed treatment of WAS (producing FP-WAS) increased the semi-soluble chemical oxygen demand (SSCOD) by 26 times compared with the control WAS. The maximum denitrification rate of FP-WAS (0.