Variation within laminae: Semi-automated methods for quantifying leaf venation using phenoVein.

Premise: Physiological processes may vary within leaf laminae; however, the accompanying heterogeneity in leaf venation is rarely investigated because its quantification can be time consuming. Here we introduce accelerated protocols using existing software to increase sample throughput and ask whether laminae venation varies among three crop types and four subspecies of .

Methods: FAA (formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, and ethanol)-fixed samples were stored in ethanol.