Long-Term Exposure to Arsenic in Community Water Supplies and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Women in the California Teachers Study.

Background: Inorganic arsenic in drinking water (wAs) is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, risk is uncertain at lower levels present in US community water supplies (CWS), currently regulated at the federal maximum contaminant level of .

Objectives: We evaluated the relationship between long-term wAs exposure from CWS and cardiovascular disease in the California Teachers Study cohort.

Carcinogenic industrial air pollution and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health AARP Diet and Health Study.

Background: Chemicals emitted from industrial facilities include known or suspected mammary carcinogens and endocrine disruptors, but epidemiologic studies are limited. We evaluated associations between air emissions of multiple carcinogenic chemicals and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a large prospective U.S.

Drinking water source and exposure to regulated water contaminants in the California Teachers Study cohort.

Background: Pollutants including metals/metalloids, nitrate, disinfection byproducts, and volatile organic compounds contaminate federally regulated community water systems (CWS) and unregulated domestic wells across the United States. Exposures and associated health effects, particularly at levels below regulatory limits, are understudied.

Objective: We described drinking water sources and exposures for the California Teachers Study (CTS), a prospective cohort of female California teachers and administrators.

Residential proximity to toxic metal-emitting industrial sites and toenail metal concentrations in a United States-wide prospective cohort.

Background: Industrial facilities across the United States (US) release millions of pounds of toxic chemicals, including metals. Exposure to toxic metals has been associated with adverse health outcomes, but there is limited evidence on the association between living near metal-releasing facilities and the body burden of emitted compounds.

Objective: To investigate the association between residential proximity to toxic metal-emitting industrial facilities and toenail metal concentrations and to evaluate whether associations differed by race.

Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and risk of liver cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure has been associated with liver cancer incidence and mortality in a limited number of studies. We sought to evaluate this relationship for the first time in a U.S.

Sociodemographic inequities in the burden of carcinogenic industrial air emissions in the United States.

Background: Industrial facilities are not located uniformly across communities in the United States, but how the burden of exposure to carcinogenic air emissions may vary across population characteristics is unclear. We evaluated differences in carcinogenic industrial pollution among major sociodemographic groups in the United States and Puerto Rico.

Methods: We evaluated cross-sectional associations of population characteristics including race and ethnicity, educational attainment, and poverty at the census tract level with point-source industrial emissions of 21 known human carcinogens using regulatory data from the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Outdoor Ultrafine Particulate Matter and Risk of Lung Cancer in Southern California.

Particulate matter ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM) is an established cause of lung cancer, but the association with ultrafine particulate matter (UFP; aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 μm) is unclear.

Ambient fine particulate matter and breast cancer incidence in a large prospective US cohort.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been inconsistently associated with breast cancer incidence, however, few studies have considered historic exposure when levels were higher.

Methods: Outdoor residential PM2.

Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, liver function, and daily alcohol consumption in a sample of U.S. adults.

Background And Aim: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment and in the serum of the U.S.

Population: We sought to evaluate the association of PFAS independently and jointly with alcohol intake on liver function biomarkers in a sample of the U.

Residential proximity to dioxin emissions and risk of breast cancer in the sister study cohort.

Some dioxins are carcinogenic, but few studies have investigated the relationship between ambient polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) and risk of breast cancer. We evaluated associations between proximity-based residential exposure to industrial emissions of PCDD/F and breast cancer risk in a large U.S.

Ethylene oxide emissions and incident breast cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a US cohort.

Background: Ethylene oxide (EtO) is a carcinogenic gas used in chemical production and to sterilize medical equipment that has been linked to risk of breast and lymphohematopoietic cancers in a small number of occupational studies. We investigated the relationship between environmental EtO exposure and risk of these cancers.

Methods: Using the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory, we estimated historical exposures for National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study participants enrolled in 1995-1996.

Geographic Patterns in U.S. Lung Cancer Mortality and Cigarette Smoking.

Background: Despite the success of smoking cessation campaigns, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. Variations in smoking behavior and lung cancer mortality are evident by sex and region.

Outdoor light at night and risk of endometrial cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.

Purpose: Outdoor light at night (LAN) can result in circadian disruption and hormone dysregulation and is a suspected risk factor for some cancers. Our study is the first to evaluate the association between LAN and risk of endometrial cancer, a malignancy with known relationship to circulating estrogen levels.

Methods: We linked enrollment addresses (1996) for 97,677 postmenopausal women in the prospective NIH-AARP cohort to satellite imagery of nighttime radiance to estimate LAN exposure.

Drinking water sources and water quality in a prospective agricultural cohort.

We describe drinking water sources and water quality for a large agricultural cohort. We used questionnaire data from the Agricultural Health Study (N = 89,655), a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators and their spouses in Iowa (IA) and North Carolina (NC), to ascertain drinking water source at enrollment (1993-1997). For users of public water supplies (PWS), we linked participants' geocoded addresses to contaminant monitoring data [five haloacetic acids (HAA5), total trihalomethanes (TTHM), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO-N)].

Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts, Ingested Nitrate, and Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and -nitroso compounds (NOC), formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion, are suspected endometrial carcinogens, but epidemiological studies are limited.

Objectives: We investigated the relationship of these exposures with endometrial cancer risk in a large prospective cohort.

Methods: Among postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study cohort, we evaluated two major classes of DBPs, total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5), and nitrate-nitrogen () in public water supplies (PWS) in relation to incident primary endometrial cancer (1986-2014).

Emissions of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.

Ambient dioxin exposure from industrial sources, excluding exposures from occupations and accidental releases/contamination, may be associated with risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to examine the association between county-level ambient dioxin air emissions from industrial sources and HCC risk in the US. We obtained information on 90,359 incident HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2016 from population-based cancer registries across the US in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Evaluation of a commercial database to estimate residence histories in the los angeles ultrafines study.

Background: Commercial databases can be used to identify participant addresses over time, but their quality and impact on environmental exposure assessment is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a commercial database to find residences and estimate environmental exposures for study participants.

Methods: We searched LexisNexis® for participant addresses in the Los Angeles Ultrafines Study, a prospective cohort of men and women aged 50-71 years.

Impact of residential mobility on estimated environmental exposures in a prospective cohort of older women.

Unlabelled: Longitudinal studies of environmental hazards often rely on exposure estimated at the participant's enrollment residence. This could lead to exposure misclassification if participants move over time.

Methods: We evaluated residential mobility in the Iowa Women's Health Study (age 55-69 years) over 19 years of follow-up (1986-2004).

Outdoor light at night and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.

Circadian disruption may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. Previous studies reported relationships between outdoor light at night (LAN) and the breast cancer risk, but their findings are mixed. There is also a need to examine LAN and breast cancer incidence according to different individual and environmental characteristics to identify subpopulations at greater risk associated with LAN exposure.

Residential Proximity to Intensive Animal Agriculture and Risk of Lymphohematopoietic Cancers in the Agricultural Health Study.

Background: Although occupational exposure to animals has been associated with lymphohematopoietic malignancies, to our knowledge no studies have evaluated adult cancer risks associated with living near intensive animal agriculture.

Methods: We linked participants in the prospective Agricultural Health Study to permitted animal feeding operations in Iowa. We created metrics reflecting the intensity of animal exposures within 2 and 5 km of participants' residences, enumerating both total and inverse distance-weighted animal units (AUs), standardized by animal size and manure production.

Land use regression models for ultrafine particles, fine particles, and black carbon in Southern California.

Exposure models are needed to evaluate health effects of long-term exposure to ambient ultrafine particles (UFP; <0.1 μm) and to disentangle their association from other pollutants, particularly PM (<2.5 μm).