Promoting Race and Ethnic Diversity in a Hospital-Based Randomized Clinical Trial to Address Untreated Alcohol Use Disorder: Initial Lessons Learned.

Objective: This study aimed to describe initial experiences and lessons learned conducting a trial focused on recruiting racially and ethnically diverse hospitalized patients with untreated alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: The parent trial is comparing the effectiveness of strategies including Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI), facilitated initiation of medications for AUD, and computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT) on AUD treatment engagement post-hospitalization. Guided by the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced, we catalogued protocol changes and evaluated outcomes using study and electronic medical record data during the first 18 months of recruitment.

Nurses' perception about their role in reducing health inequalities in community contexts.

Objective: to understand nurses' perception about their role in reducing health inequalities in community contexts.

Method: a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach addressed from Heidegger's Interpretive Theory and the health inequality settings. A total of 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with nurses working in health institutions devoted to community interventions.

Enrollment of Spanish-speaking Latinx adults in clinical trials: Five lessons learned from a randomized study in substance use treatment.

Latinx individuals are the largest ethnic minoritized group in the United States (US) at 19% of the population. However, they remain underrepresented in clinical research, accounting for less than 8% of clinical trial participants. Consideration of cultural values could help overcome barriers to inclusion in clinical trials and result in better recruitment and retention of Latinx individuals.

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality.

Probiotics and prebiotics are of great interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their health benefits. Probiotics are live bacteria that can confer beneficial effects on human and animal wellbeing, while prebiotics are types of nutrients that feed the beneficial gut bacteria. Powder probiotics have gained popularity due to the ease and practicality of their ingestion and incorporation into the diet as a food supplement.

Computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy for Spanish-speaking substance users: adaptation and satisfaction.

There are few available culturally and linguistically adapted behavioral health interventions for substance use among Spanish-speaking adults. The authors describe the cultural adaptation of an innovative computer-based training for cognitive behavioral therapy program (CBT4CBT). Based in cognitive-behavioral skills training, CBT4CBT utilizes a to teach monolingual Spanish-speaking adults who have migrated to the United States to recognize triggers; avoid these situations; and cope more effectively with the consequences of substance use.

Religiosity and Spirituality in Latinx Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: Association with Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Although many studies have examined religiosity as a protective factor for substance use, few have considered its relationship to treatment outcomes among Latinx adults. Using data from 89 individuals participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating a culturally adapted Spanish-language version of web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT4CBT-Spanish) for substance use, we evaluated the relationship between religiosity, as measured by the Religious Background and Behavior questionnaire, and treatment outcomes. Overall, there were few significant correlations between religiosity scores and treatment outcomes.

Effect of temperature on the formation of acrylamide in cocoa beans during drying treatment: An experimental and computational study.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of temperature on the formation of acrylamide in cocoa beans during drying treatment by an experimental and computational study, in order to assess the presence of this neoformed compound from postharvest stage. The computational study was conducted on the reaction between fructose, glyoxal from glucose, and on asparagine at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level, under cocoa bean drying conditions at 323.15 to 343.

Matrix effect on quantification of sugars and mannitol developed during the postharvest of cocoa: an alternative method for traceability of aroma precursors by liquid chromatography with an evaporative detector.

The profile of reducing sugars developed during each stage of the postharvest of cocoa beans is an important quality index; these sugars are found to be one of the main precursors of flavor and neoformed compounds. However, its quantification after extraction from different parts of the bean is a challenge due to the complexity of the matrix. The primary aim of this study was to track the formation of reducing sugars and mannitol in samples obtained from various steps of the fermentation and drying processes of cocoa beans by validating a rapid matrix-corrected chromatographic method utilizing a corona-charged aerosol detector for improved sensitivity.

Changes in DSM criteria following a culturally-adapted computerized CBT for Spanish-speaking individuals with substance use disorders.

This study sought to replicate and extend findings regarding change in the number of endorsed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) criteria for substance use disorders as a meaningful outcome for clinical trials with Spanish-speakers. A secondary analysis was conducted of data from 83 treatment-seeking individuals with current DSM-IV substance dependence participating in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a culturally-adapted version of a computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy program (CBT4CBT) for Spanish-speakers. Participants were randomized to either weekly standard outpatient counseling (treatment as usual - TAU), or TAU plus access to CBT4CBT (TAU+CBT4CBT).

Chemometric approaches for postharvest quality tracing of cocoa: An efficient method to distinguish plant material origin.

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of a mixture of cocoa harvested and fermented in three subregions of Antioquia (Colombia), from the chemometric profile based on multivariate statistical analysis. A mixture of clones CCN-52, ICS-1, FLE-2, and FEC-2 harvested in Bajo Cauca, Uraba and Magdalena Medio were subjected to a spontaneous fermentation. The characterization of raw and well-fermented cocoa was performed through 38 parameters, and results were compared by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Cluster Analysis (CA), followed by a Principal Factors Analysis (PFA- CA).

X-linked epileptic syndrome by protocadherin 19 mutation associated with leukoencephalopathy and posterior reversible tractopathy.

Epilepsy and mental retardation produced by mutations in gene PCDH19 (protocadherin 19) is an X-linked syndrome restricted to females. It starts with global and speech developmental delay and epilepsy; intellectual disability may continue in adults. At least in 20% of cases, there are no seizures or intellectual retardation.

Culturally Adapted, Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Spanish-Speaking Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate whether adding Web-based cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) to standard outpatient psychiatric or addiction treatment improved substance use outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in New Haven, Connecticut, between 2014 and 2017 comparing 8 weeks of standard outpatient treatment to the same treatment with access to a culturally adapted version of Web-based CBT with a 6-month follow-up. Participants were 92 treatment-seeking individuals with Spanish as their primary language and current substance use disorder, with few other restrictions.

Ae4 (Slc4a9) Anion Exchanger Drives Cl- Uptake-dependent Fluid Secretion by Mouse Submandibular Gland Acinar Cells.

Transcellular Cl(-) movement across acinar cells is the rate-limiting step for salivary gland fluid secretion. Basolateral Nkcc1 Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporters play a critical role in fluid secretion by promoting the intracellular accumulation of Cl(-) above its equilibrium potential. However, salivation is only partially abolished in the absence of Nkcc1 cotransporter activity, suggesting that another Cl(-) uptake pathway concentrates Cl(-) ions in acinar cells.

Do United States' teachers know and adhere to the national guidelines on asthma management in the classroom? A systematic review.

Proper asthma management in schools is important in achieving optimum asthma control in children with asthma. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has developed guidelines on classroom asthma management. We conducted a systematic review to examine teacher knowledge of the NHLBI guidelines on asthma management in the classroom.

Functional differences in the acinar cells of the murine major salivary glands.

In humans, approximately 90% of saliva is secreted by the 3 major salivary glands: the parotid (PG), the submandibular (SMG), and the sublingual glands (SLG). Even though it is known that all 3 major salivary glands secrete saliva by a Cl(-)-dependent mechanism, salivary secretion rates differ greatly among these glands. The goal of this study was to gain insight into the properties of the ion-transporting pathways in acinar cells that might account for the differences among the major salivary glands.

A fluid secretion pathway unmasked by acinar-specific Tmem16A gene ablation in the adult mouse salivary gland.

Activation of an apical Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC) triggers the secretion of saliva. It was previously demonstrated that CaCC-mediated Cl(-) current and Cl(-) efflux are absent in the acinar cells of systemic Tmem16A (Tmem16A Cl(-) channel) null mice, but salivation was not assessed in fully developed glands because Tmem16A null mice die within a few days after birth. To test the role of Tmem16A in adult salivary glands, we generated conditional knockout mice lacking Tmem16A in acinar cells (Tmem16A(-/-)).

Demonstrating and assessing metered-dose inhaler-spacer technique: pediatric care providers' self-reported practices and perceived barriers.

The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program recommends that providers demonstrate and assess metered-dose inhaler-spacer (MDI-S) technique at each medical visit. To examine practice behaviors and perceived barriers to demonstrating and assessing MDI-S technique, we surveyed pediatric providers (n = 114) at an inner-city academic medical center. While 82% of providers demonstrated MDI-S technique, only 5% of providers demonstrate the technique at every visit.

Clcn2 encodes the hyperpolarization-activated chloride channel in the ducts of mouse salivary glands.

Transepithelial Cl(-) transport in salivary gland ducts is a major component of the ion reabsorption process, the final stage of saliva production. It was previously demonstrated that a Cl(-) current with the biophysical properties of ClC-2 channels dominates the Cl(-) conductance of unstimulated granular duct cells in the mouse submandibular gland. This inward-rectifying Cl(-) current is activated by hyperpolarization and elevated intracellular Cl(-) concentration.

[Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Orizaba, Veracruz. Implications for the tuberculosis prevention and control program].

Background: Tuberculosis, declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization, continues to be an important public health problem in Mexico, included in the first twenty causes of death.

Objective: To know the impact of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on treatment outcome, need of re-treatment and mortality in a cohort of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving directly observed therapy, short course (DOTS).

Methods: We conducted a population-based study in a suburban region in Southern Mexico.

[Gorham's disease. Report of 2 cases associated with bilateral pleural effusion].

The clinicopathologic characteristics of two patients with Gorham's disease and bilateral recidivant pleural effusions are reported. The first case corresponded to a nine year-old girl with osteolysis in her right clavicle and ribs. The second case was a 55 year-old male with osteolytic lesions in ribs, cranium, pelvis and femurs; a thymic cyst was also documented.

Anti-class II beta-chain antibodies in the serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Sera and synovial fluid (SF) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were evaluated for anti-HLA class II beta-chain antibodies using single and two-dimensional immunoblots. The antibodies from RA sera and SFs which reacted with class II beta-chain determinants were predominantly IgM and IgA with minimal IgG. This reactivity was also present in SFs from other rheumatic diseases.