Teaching and evaluation methods of medical ethics in the Saudi public medical colleges: cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Background: Saudi Arabia is considered one of the most influential Muslim countries being as the host of the two most holy places for Muslims, namely Makkah and Madina. This was reflected in the emphasis on teaching medical ethics in a lecture-based format as a part of the subject of Islamic culture taught to medical students. Over the last few years, both teaching and evaluation of medical ethics have been changing as more Saudi academics received specialized training and qualifications in bioethics from western universities.

Factors associated with health perception of Saudi elderly.

To study the pattern and determinants of health perception among Saudi elderly a cross-sectional house-hold survey of 6,139 elderly in Saudi Arabia performed between January 1994 and December 1995. A stratified two stage sampling technique was used to select the elderly subjects (60 years and above). Using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire, the subjects' physical, mental, social and environmental health status and health perception were assessed via personal interviews completed by trained researchers.

Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Saudi Arabia: birth prevalence and associated factors.

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a common central nervous system disorder in children. In spite of its importance, it has not been subjected to sufficient epidemiological studies, particularly in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to provide information from a representative series of newly diagnosed cases of infantile hydrocephalus on the birth prevalence, associated factors and mortality.

Appraisal of clinical, psychosocial, and environmental health of elderly in Saudi Arabia: a household survey.

This was a cross-sectional national survey of the elderly population of Saudi Arabia conducted between January 1994 and December 1995. The participants' physical, mental, social, and environmental health status were assessed in a personal interview during which a structured data form was completed by a trained research team. Data on 6,139 elderly participants have been analyzed: 64.

Sotos syndrome (cerebral gigantism): a clinical and radiological study of 14 cases from Saudi Arabia.

Fourteen children (of Arab ethnic origin) with Sotos syndrome are described. They were referred to King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh between July 1992 and June 1997. Their phenotypic characteristics were compared with established diagnostic criteria.

Prevalence and determinants of smoking in three regions of Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To study the prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among Saudi nationals in three regions of Saudi Arabia.

Participants: A sample of 8310 individuals aged 15 years and above from both sexes, randomly selected from the three regions, using a stratified cluster sampling technique.

Design: A cross-sectional, household, community-based survey.

Referral from primary care to hospitals in saudi arabia: 1) quality of referral letters and feedback reports.

Background: Referral between primary care and hospitals is of great importance for patient care and follow-up. This study was conducted because of the importance of the quality of referral letters and feedback reports.

Objectives: To evaluate the quality of referrals from primary health care (PHC) centers to general hospital in four regions in Saudi Arabia.

The diagnostic approach to suspected asthma in a Primary Care Center in Riyadh.

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Long-term care experience in Saudi Arabia.

The objective of this study was to ascertain the clinical and epidemiological pattern of long-term care inpatients in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey of all long-term care inpatients facilities in the Ministry of Health was conducted during the period January-June 1994. Trained research teams consisting of physicians, social workers, nurses and medical record officers completed a pre-designed data form.

Career choices among Saudi medical students.

Purpose: To identify the career choices, intended practice locations, and reasons for career choices of final-year Saudi medical students.

Method: A total of 302 final-year students at the four Saudi medical colleges were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire at the end of the 1994 academic year.

Results: A total of 253 students (84%) responded (149 men and 104 women).

Future specialty and practice intentions among saudi medical students.

Objective: The objective of the study is the identification of the specialty intentions, the reason behind that choice and the preferred practice location of the study population.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted using a self administered questionnaire distributed at the end of the academic year 1994. One hundred and forty nine (149) male and 104 female graduating medical students representing the four medical colleges in Saudi Arabia were included

Results: The four major clinical specialties were selected by more than half of the students; Internal Medicine (17%), Surgery(16%), Paediatrics (14%) and Obstetrics (11%).

Predictors of smoking among male junior secondary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of cigarette smoking among intermediate (junior secondary) schoolboys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Participants: A sample of 1382 students (ages 12-19 years) in 45 classes randomly selected from 15 schools, using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling scheme.

Design: Students in the selected classes were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire, under the supervision of trained interviewers.

Clinical and epidemiological pattern of long-stay in-patients: an opportunity for the provision of out-reach community services in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The aim of the present study was to find out the clinical and epidemiological pattern of long-stay in-patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of long-stay patients in Ministry of Health general hospitals was conducted during the period January-June 1993. A trained research team which consisted of a physician, a nurse, social workers and medical record officers completed a pre-designed data form and interviewed treating teams, patients and their relatives.

Culturally acceptable health care services for Saudi's elderly population: the decision-maker's perception.

This article reports on a study carried out in 1993 to elicit the opinions of decision makers (medical and non-medical) as to the types of facilities, locations and culturally acceptable levels of health care appropriate for the elderly in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the study sought to find out the procedures and likely constraints in the development of future health care services for the elderly. An opinion survey was carried out on a randomly selected sample of decision makers, drawn from: hospitals of 100-bed capacity or more; and, from directorates of education, agriculture, police, municipalities, commerce, transport and media, in each of the regions of Saudi Arabia.

The pattern of antenatal visits with emphasis on gestational age at booking in Riyadh Health Centres.

1344 expectant mothers were selected by random sampling from the catchment population of 15 health centres in Riyadh. The health centres were taken to represent all areas of urban Riyadh. These mothers were asked to complete a pre-designed questionnaire in Arabic and undergo a structured interview by trained midwives to explore their knowledge, attitude and practice toward antenatal visits.

Long-waiting outpatients: target audience for health education.

The study examines the meaning of waiting time in an outpatient department. Attention is payed to the activities of the patients and companions during the waiting time, the potential for health education programmes during the waiting time and the form such a health education programme should take. The setting was the King Khalid University Hospital Outpatient Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A prospective study of the morbidity pattern of patients seen at a university primary care clinic.

Information on the morbidity pattern of patients seen at a primary care clinic is sparse or not available for most countries in the Middle East including Saudi Arabia. A prospective study of all new patients at the primary care clinic of King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was therefore carried out over a period of one year (1991G to 1992G). An analysis of the morbidity pattern of 9,441 new patients seen over this period is hereby reported.

Intralesional treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with sodium stibogluconate antimony.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis represents a difficult disease to manage in endemic areas. Systemic treatment is hampered by both expense and compliance. Side effects may play a major role in this aspect as well.

Vitiligo: Epidemiology and clinical pattern at King Khalid University Hospital.

The incidence of vitiligo at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was 2.5% for the period from 1985-1990. The majority (96.

Role of primary health care in the control of schistosomiasis. The experience in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The control programme for schistosomiasis in Saudi Arabia was started in 1975 as a central vertical programme. With the adoption of the primary health care approach a pilot scheme that integrated the control of all endemic diseases, including schistosomiasis, within the functions of primary health care centres was carried out. In Riyadh, the scheme was started in 1984 when subcentres for the control programme were established as a first step for complete integration.

Public attitude towards acceptability, availability, and accessibility of immunization services in Riyadh.

A study of accessibility, availability, and acceptability of immunization was carried out by interviewing 1422 parents selected randomly from the catchment areas of 15 health care centers in Riyadh. The parents were included if they had children who were under two years or who had not completed the essential immunization necessary for issuing birth certificates. The demographic data of parents and children were also obtained.

High rate of rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Taif region of Saudi Arabia.

This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pattern of resistance to antituberculosis drugs among patients with sputum-proven pulmonary tuberculosis who were seen in Taif Chest Hospital over 24 months (between June 1986 and May 1988). The overall prevalence was 22.6% and the majority (53%) were resistant to two drugs.

A preliminary report on the effect of referral system in four areas of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The effect of implementation of the referral system in health care was studied in four administrative regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study covered the six-month period before and after the implementation of the system. These regions represented the northern, southern, eastern, and central parts of the country.