Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Recently Diagnosed Adults and Children in São Paulo, Brazil.

Transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) have been a constant threat to treatment efficacy. We evaluated TDRM in plasma RNA of 217 antiretroviral therapy-naive patients from sites in the São Paulo metropolitan area, collected from 2012 to 2014. The partial HIV-1 polymerase region was sequenced using Big Dye terminators at an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer.

High frequency of dolutegravir resistance in patients failing a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen.

Objectives: Dolutegravir is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) that has been recently approved by the FDA to treat antiretroviral therapy-naive as well as treatment-experienced HIV-infected individuals, including those already exposed to the first-generation InSTI. Despite having a different mutational profile, some cross-resistance mutations may influence its susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen on dolutegravir activity.

HIV-1-infected patients with advanced disease failing a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen in São Paulo, Brazil.

Raltegravir (RAL) is the first licensed antiretroviral integrase inhibitor that may be used both for treatment-naïve human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) patients and for salvage therapy. The Brazilian public free access programme limits its use for salvage therapy, with scarce information regarding RAL resistance from patients failing a RAL-containing salvage regimen. This study evaluated RAL resistance mutations detected by population sequencing in 69 HIV-infected patients with advanced disease failing a RAL-containing regimen in a real-world setting.

Association of X4 tropism with disease progression in antiretroviral-treated children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in São Paulo, Brazil.

Management of children with HIV/AIDS is specially challenging. Age-related issues do not allow for direct transposition of adult observations to this population. CXCR4 tropism has been associated with disease progression in adults.

Evaluation of genotypic prediction of HIV-1 tropism using population sequencing of replicates.

Determination of human immunodeficiency virus tropism has contributed to the understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV and is necessary prior to the use of CCR5 antagonists. Replicate V3 sequences may generate different sequences and improve viral tropism prediction. The diversity of HIV was evaluated to access its influence on prediction.