Sublethal exposure to thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin affects the midgut and Malpighian tubules of the stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).

The stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia Lepeletier 1836 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is an essential pollinator in natural and agricultural ecosystems in the Neotropical region. However, these bees may be exposed to pesticides during foraging, which can affect both individuals and their colonies. One example comes from the use of pyraclostrobin (a fungicide) and thiamethoxam (an insecticide) for pest control in pepper crops, which F.

[Socioeconomic profile of individuals presenting with glaucoma in the service of ophthalmology of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Minas Gerais - Brazil].

Purpose: To assess the socioeconomic profile of individuals presenting with primary glaucoma at the ophthalmology service of the university hospital of the Feredal University of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil.

Methods: Submission of a questionnaire to 100 individuals during consultation in the ophthalmology service of the university hospital of Federal University of Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil.

Results: Eighty-four per cent of individuals were pensioners or retired, 86% had a monthly income of 1 to 2 salaries, 29% had been spending 26 to 75 reais per month with glaucoma therapy, 78% presented with comorbidities and 41% had already abandoned treatment due to financial difficulties in buying the medication.