Primary cervico-uterine anastomosis in a patient with agenesis of the uterine isthmus: A case report and review.

Arrested caudal extension of the fused Müllerian ducts, either complete or segmental, causes obstruction of the outflow tract. We describe a case of agenesis of the uterine isthmus and the procedure to establish the continuity of the outflow tract. A 15-year-old girl with cyclic pelvic pain and amenorrhea was found to have a 3-cm gap between the uterine body and the cervix.

Effects of a Delphi consensus acupuncture treatment protocol on the levels of stress and vascular tone in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization: a randomized clinical trial protocol.

Background: The variability of published acupuncture protocols for patients undergoing In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) complicates the interpretation of data and hinders our understanding of acupuncture's impact. In 2012, an acupuncture treatment protocol developed by a Delphi consensus process was published to describe the parameters of best practice acupuncture for Assisted Reproductive Technology and future research. However, there has been no clinical trial utilizing this protocol to assess the effects of acupuncture.

Use of FloSeal Sealant in the Surgical Management of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy.

Background. Surgery is sometimes required for the management of tubal ectopic pregnancies. Historically, surgeons used electrosurgery to obtain hemostasis.

The Potential Applications of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta Ligands in Assisted Reproductive Technology.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta, also known as PPARbeta) has ubiquitous distribution and extensive biological functions. The reproductive function of PPARdelta was first revealed in the uterus at the implantation site. Since then, PPARdelta and its ligand have been discovered in all reproductive tissues, including the gametes and the preimplantation embryos.

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos.

In several species, a family of nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) composed of three isotypes, is expressed in somatic cells and germ cells of the ovary as well as the testis. Invalidation of these receptors in mice or stimulation of these receptors in vivo or in vitro showed that each receptor has physiological roles in the gamete maturation or the embryo development. In addition, synthetic PPAR gamma ligands are recently used to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary disease.

Prostacyclin receptor signaling and early embryo development in the mouse.

Background: Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) plays an important role in mouse embryo development and implantation. However, it is unclear whether its action is mediated via the I prostaglandin receptor (IP).

Methods: We compared the preimplantation development of IP deleted (IP-/-) embryos and wild-type (WT) embryos.

Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin e2 protects mouse embryonic stem cells from apoptosis.

Little is known about prostaglandin synthesis and function in embryonic stem cells. We postulated that mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells possess enzymes to synthesize protective prostaglandins. Compared with differentiated adult cells, mES cells were less susceptible to H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis.

Prunella stica inhibits the proliferation but not the prostaglandin production of Ishikawa cells.

Chinese herbs have been used to relieve dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis. Active components in the herbs and their mechanisms of action remain unknown. Prunella stica, a Chinese herb commonly used to treat dysmenorrhea, was chosen for the present studies.

Oviduct prostacyclin functions as a paracrine factor to augment the development of embryos.

Background: Recently we discovered that human oviducts produce a significant amount of prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) and that PGI2 enhances the potentials of live birth of mouse embryos. However, the eicosanoid profile of mouse oviducts remains unknown.

Methods: The metabolites of [14C]arachidonic acid by mouse oviducts were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Cyclooxygenase-2-derived endogenous prostacyclin enhances mouse embryo hatching.

Introduction: The role of prostaglandins (PGs) in embryo hatching remains controversial. In addition, there is no direct evidence that mouse embryos synthesize PGs.

Methods: The effects of endogenous PG on mouse embryo hatching were evaluated by blocking endogenous PG synthesis with indomethacin.

Prostacyclin is an autocrine regulator in the contraction of oviductal smooth muscle.

Background: It was recently discovered that prostacyclin constituted 40-50% of prostaglandins (PG) produced by minced human oviduct. It is well established that prostacyclin relaxes vascular smooth muscle, but whether oviductal smooth muscle synthesizes prostacyclin and whether its contraction is affected by prostacyclin remain unclear.

Methods: Smooth muscle microdissected from human oviducts was used for the study.

Human fallopian tubes express prostacyclin (PGI) synthase and cyclooxygenases and synthesize abundant PGI.

Animal studies unequivocally support the indispensable role of prostaglandin (PG) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in ovulation and implantation. Available data also suggest that PG and COX may be important in the transport of embryos. The effects of PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) on the contractility of human tubal muscle have been studied extensively; the expression of COX in human fallopian tubes was also reported.