Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole-Implications for massive star winds.

The evolution of massive stars is influenced by the mass lost to stellar winds over their lifetimes. These winds limit the masses of the stellar remnants (such as black holes) that the stars ultimately produce. We used radio astrometry to refine the distance to the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1, which we found to be [Formula: see text] kiloparsecs.

Propofol-alfentanyl versus midazolam-alfentanyl in inducing procedural amnesia of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in children--blind randomised trial.

Unlabelled: In paediatric patients, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is commonly performed with the use of sedation. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of propofol and midazolam in providing procedural amnesia and controlling behaviour in children undergoing diagnostic EGD. Children (9-16 years), classified to the first or second class of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists' physical status classification referred for EGD, were randomly assigned to receive propofol with alfentanyl or midazolam with alfentanyl for sedation during the procedure.

[Endotracheal suctioning in neonates and children].

Endotracheal suction is essential to keep the respiratory capacity of the bronchial tree. The aim of this study was to establish the principles reducing potential side-effects, like hypoxia, bradycardia, hypotension, arrhythmia, nosocomial infections. Analysing the literature we have selected the following major beneficial factors: 1:2 to 2:3 cathether - tracheal tube diameter ratio, individual adjustment of the suctioning frequency, maximal duration of the procedure capped at 10-15 sec.