Thyroid cytology in pediatric patients: a single-center study from 2015 to 2023-is there a necessity for distinct treatment approaches for patients with and without autoimmune thyroiditis?

The management of thyroid nodules is guided by the cytological classification provided by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology. Notably, the biology of thyroid tumors in pediatric patients differs from that in adults, and there is limited research focused on pediatric cases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Bethesda system in pediatric patients treated at the largest tertiary pediatric thyroid center in Poland between 2015 and 2023.

Should we routinely assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome?

Background: It has been reported that central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) in pediatric patients (pts) with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) may be a potential cause of their sudden death. In addition, the risk of CAI may increase during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).

Objective: To prevent both over- and undertreatment with hydrocortisone, we evaluated the prevalence of CAI in a large multicenter cohort of pediatric pts with PWS analyzing adrenal response in the low-dose ACTH test (LDAT) and/or the glucagon stimulation test (GST) and reviewing the literature.

Ultrasound-Histopathological Presentation of Thyroid and Ovary Lesions in Adolescent Patients with DICER1 Syndrome: Case Reports and Literature Overview.

Background: DICER1, a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS), seems to escape timely diagnosis in pediatric patients. Case report 1: A 16-year-old female patient was referred to the endocrinology ward due to a large goiter. Her medical history indicated normal sexual maturation, with menarche occurring at 13.

Beyond the Metabolic Syndrome: Non-Obvious Complications of Obesity in Children.

Obesity is currently one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide due to the continuous increase in obesity rates among children, especially younger children. Complications related to obesity, including serious ones, are increasingly being diagnosed in younger children. A search was performed from January 2023 to September 2023 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases.

Raman Spectroscopy as a Potential Adjunct of Thyroid Nodule Evaluation: A Systematic Review.

The incidence of thyroid nodules (TNs) is estimated at 36.5% and 23% in females and males, respectively. A single thyroid nodule is usually detected during ultrasound assessment in patients with symptoms of thyroid dysfunction or neck mass.

Hormonal control during infancy and testicular adrenal rest tumor development in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Importance: Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs), often found in male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), are benign lesions causing testicular damage and infertility. We hypothesize that chronically elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone exposure during early life may promote TART development.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between commencing adequate glucocorticoid treatment early after birth and TART development.

The positive impact of lifestyle intervention on selected mio- and chemokines levels in prepubertal children with obesity.

Introduction: It is proven that life style modification (diet and physical exercises) have positive effect on the metabolic functions in pa-tients with obesity, even without significant weight reduction.

Aim Of The Study: The objective of the present study was to check whether the intensive controlled lifestyle intervention (personalized diet modification and monitored, regular physical activity) may have positive impact on the concentration of irisin and chemerin in children with obesity.

Material And Methods: Twenty children (mean age 8.

Ultrasound, laboratory and histopathological insights in diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma in a paediatric population: a single centre follow-up study between 2000-2022.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) often coincides with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT); whether this association is incidental or causal remains debated.

Objective: To evaluate the ultrasonographic, laboratory, and histopathological features of PTC in paediatric patients with and without AIT and its relationship to puberty.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Ultrasound evolution of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma - a follow-up study.

Background: Follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma represents the vast majority of paediatric thyroid cancers (TCs). Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for over 90% of all childhood TC cases, and its incidence in paediatric patients is increasing. The objective of this follow-up study was to present the outcome of ultrasound (US) and laboratory monitoring of paediatric patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) prior to the development of PTC.

Testicular microlithiasis in paediatric patients with Klinefelter syndrome from infancy till adolescence: early start of degenerative process in the testes-preliminary results.

Unlabelled: To present the results of testicular ultrasonography supported by clinical and hormonal aspects in paediatric patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). Prospective analysis of medical files of 20 patients diagnosed with KS between 2016 and 2022. Assessed data included analysis of causes of referral, ultrasound, and clinical characterisation with hormonal evaluation of serum FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin B, and anti-Müllerian hormone.

New insights into thyroid dysfunction in patients with inactivating parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein signalling disorder (the hormonal and ultrasound aspects): One-centre preliminary results.

Objective: This study aimed to present the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction, including hormonal and ultrasound aspects, in a cohort of paediatric and adult patients diagnosed with inactivating parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein signalling disorders 2 and 3 (iPPSD).

Methods: The medical records of 31 patients from 14 families diagnosed with iPPSD between 1980 and 2021 in a single tertiary unit were retrospectively analysed. Biochemical, hormonal, molecular, and ultrasonographic parameters were assessed.

Assessment of the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in paediatric patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy due to selected storage diseases - preliminary results of our own research and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Some storage diseases, caused by a deficiency of a specific enzyme, which results in the systemic accumulation of non-metabolized substances, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which can protect many organs, including the endocrine system.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the function and morphology of the thyroid gland in children with storage diseases treated with ERT, and to review the literature.

Material And Methods: Eight patients were included in the study: 3 with Fabry disease (age: 17; 9.

Nocturnal non-dipping on 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in children and adolescents with obesity is associated with higher total cholesterol levels.

Background: Few studies indicate the occurrence of abnormal nocturnal dipping of blood pressure (BP) in 35-50% of children and adolescents with obesity. The relation between that phenomenon and metabolic complications of obesity remains unclear. To evaluate the association between disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and nocturnal non-dipping in pediatric patients with obesity.

Circulating chemerin level may be associated with early vascular pathology in obese children without overt arterial hypertension - preliminary results.

Background Elevated chemerin level is observed in patients with arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between chemerin level, and parameters of blood pressure and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity but without arterial hypertension. Methods In 23 children with obesity (13 girls, mean age 9.

Long-term ultrasound follow-up of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus in children.

Objective: To present the sonographic follow-up of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) in children and adolescent patients.

Patients: Out of the 507 children referred to FNAB between 2006 and 2018, 30 (5.9%) pediatric patients (10 females), mean age 5.

A Comparison of the Impact of Two Methods of Nutrition-Behavioral Intervention on Selected Auxological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Prepubertal Children-Crossover Preliminary Study.

Obese children are exposed to short and long-term health consequences, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. For these reasons, the prevention and treatment of obesity in the pediatric population is a challenge for health care professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intensive intervention based on diet and physical activity has a better impact on the auxological and biochemical parameters than standard care (intervention).

Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction in the developmental period: prenatally, in childhood, and adolescence - case reports and a review of the literature.

Introduction: Amiodarone is an important antiarrhythmic drug used in paediatric practice, mainly in children with complex congenital cardiac diseases and/or severe arrhythmias. One of the side effects of amiodarone therapy is thyroid dysfunction, which is observed in about 20% of patients. The thyroid dysfunction may present with various forms: from subclinical changes in hormone levels to amiodaroneinduced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism (AIH).

Liver Biochemical Abnormalities in Adolescent Patients with Turner Syndrome.

Objective: Elevated liver function tests (LFTs) are common in adult Turner syndrome (TS) patients. Data regarding children and adolescents are lacking. To investigate the prevalence of abnormal LFTs in children and adolescents with TS during several years of observation; to evaluate the potential impact of increased body mass index (BMI) and sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on LFTs.

Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency due to Intra-articular Glucocorticoid Injections.

Background: The most common cause of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression is systemic glucocorticoids administration.

Case Characteristics: A 14-year-old boy with juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving repeated intra-articular steroids for last 3 years developed fever, fatigue, nausea and abdominal pain. Stimulation with low-dose Synathen revealed low adrenal reserve, suggesting secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Karyotype analysis of eight cultivated Allium species.

The karyotypes of Allium, a genus that comprises many crops and ornamental plants, are relatively poorly studied. To extend our knowledge on karyotype structure of the genus, the chromosomal organization of rRNA genes and CMA/DAPI bands was studied. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 35S rDNA probes and banding methods (silver staining and CMA/DAPI staining) were used to analyze the karyotypes of eight cultivated Allium L.

Follow-up of parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis in children prior to the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of ultrasound (US) follow-ups in children with autoimmune thyroid disease who did not have a thyroid nodule on admission but developed papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to characterize the parenchymal changes in the thyroid gland prior to the development of PTC.

Methods: A retrospective thyroid US scan review of 327 patients diagnosed with AIT was performed. Forty patients (40/327, 12.