Comparison of immune responses induced by rat RT-1 antigens presented as inserts into liposomes, as protein micelles and as intact cells.

Partially purified rat transplantation antigens (RT-1) were inserted into liposomes composed of various types of lipids and used for immunization. The immune responses induced by the liposomes were compared with responses induced by RT-1 as protein micelles, alone or emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, or intact cells. Liposomes gave generally a higher humoral response than protein micelles.

The autogenous mucosal cyst. An experimental study with special reference to reconstructive surgery of the airway.

Autogenous buccal mucosa was transplanted to the pretracheal region in beagles. The result was studied by surgical exploration, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grafts were transformed into mucosal cysts after 4 weeks.

Mucus transport and surface damage after endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. An experimental study in pigs.

The effects on mucus transport of different grades of tracheal injury produced experimentally by an intubation tube were studied in 26 pigs. Two of them were not intubated and served as controls, while the rest were anaesthetized and either intubated or tracheostomized, or both, and ventilated for approximately 4.5 h.

Inhibition of antibody binding to viable cells by liposomes containing purified rat spleen glycoprotein.

The capacity of liposomes with inserted RT-1 histocompatibility antigen to bind anti-RT-1 antibodies varies depending on their lipid composition and mode of preparation. The binding capacity of liposomes prepared by dialysis is different from that of liposomes prepared by gel filtration or of small membrane protein micelles. A new assay for analysis of membrane antigens has been developed.

Evaluation of drug contamination levels in an admixture preparation area.

The risks of drug contamination after transfer manipulations between vials used in admixture preparations were estimated. The transfers were performed inside a safety cabinet using sodium pertechnetate 99Tcm in saline as a 'model' admixture. An air contamination monitor was attached to the safety cabinet above the transfer manipulation area.

Does the season of conception influence the frequency of post partum mental illness?

The study is based on two series of patients with post partum mental illness, one consisting of 71 women in Gothenburg 1952-56 and another of 68 women in Stockholm 1976-77. The total number of births in the two cities during the periods in question were used as reference. A strategy of chi-squared test and the Edwards' criteria of seasonality was applied for statistical analyses of the results.

Analysis of toxaphene (PCC) and chlordane in biological samples by NCI mass spectrometry.

Several recent reports indicate that both toxaphene (polychlorocamphene, PCC) and chlordane are widespread pollutants in our environment. These insecticides, both complex mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons, are difficult to separate from each other. Thus the analyses of them in environmental samples are difficult and furthermore complicated by interferences from other chlorinated hydrocarbons such as PCB and DDT compounds.

Evaluation of 12 colon-cleansing regimens with single-contrast barium enema.

In a study of patient preparation for barium enemas, 1,435 patients were examined at six different institutions with 12 different preparation protocols. There were 2,870 films evaluated a total of 7,839 times by seven different radiologists who were blind to both the institution and the preparations used. The statistical design, randomization, and analysis of the data obtained was performed by one of the authors, a statistician, and the following conclusions were made: Dulcolax (bisacodyl) plus 2 L tapwater enema is better than all the other protocols in all parts of the colon for both genders and all ages.

Germinal centre hyperplasia: an unfavourable immune response in recurrent malignant melanoma.

A quantitative immunomorphological analysis of actively responding B-(germinal centre) and T-lymphocyte (paracortical) areas in 187 patients with malignant melanoma recurrent in the regional lymph nodes has been made. The results show that tumour involved nodes have significantly increased germinal centre and decreased paracortical response in comparison with uninvolved lymph nodes. Patients treated with surgery alone whose uninvolved nodes had hyperplastic (defined as exceeding the median) germinal centre areas, had significantly shorter survival than those without germinal centre hyperplasia.

Seneca County, New York: an area with low cancer mortality rates.

The combined mortality rates for all high-rate neoplasms and for all malignant neoplasms combined are considerably lower in Seneca County, New York, than in its surrounding counties. The possibility that these lower rates are attributable to the geochemical uniqueness of the two lakes that enclose the county, availability and concentration of selenium, high salinity of the lakes, and high concentration of potassium cations is discussed.

Cancer risk, age at diagnosis, and age at death as functions of season of birth.

The Third National Cancer Survey (TNSC) includes more than 90,000 patients who died during the study period. Their lifespan varies with their season of birth. Patients born in the winter became in average 1.

The antidiabetic effect and pharmacokinetic properties of glipizide. Comparison of a single dose with divided dose regime.

In 13 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus which did not respond to diet therapy alone, serum concentration of glipizide, blood glucose (B-G) concentration, serum immunoreactive insulin (S-IRI) and plasma glycerol (P-G) were monitored hourly over 12 hours after placebo, an initial dose of glipizide (5 mg p.o.) and long-term treatment with glipizide (range 7.

Wide variation in serum chlorpropamide concentration in outpatients.

Serum chlorpropamide concentrations (s-CPA) were determined and related to clinical findings in 83 outpatients with maturity onset diabetes. The daily doses of CPA (mg/kg) varied six-fold, but s-CPA ranged 18-fold between the patients. There was a significant correlation between dose and s-CPA (r = 0.

Auditing hospital drug utilisation by means of defined daily doses per bed-day. A methodological study.

The utilisation of hypnotics, sedatives, and minor tranquillisers (HSmT) was studied by means of drug-delivery and hospital occupancy statistics for 1975-1977 in a Swedish university hospital. A total of 0.53 so-called defined daily doses (DDD)/bed-day were delivered in 1975, implying that every second patient might have regularly been prescribed HSmT.

Chlorinated phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in foliage after application of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters.

Six reforestation areas were sprayed with 2,4,5-T esters. Leaf samples from the areas were analyzed for the esters, tetrachlorodioxin, and dehalogenated phenoxyacetic acid esters. Tetrachlorodioxin was found in one leaf sample only, but the level found, relative to the amount of 2,4,5-T ester found, was lower than in the formulation material used in the study.

Monitoring and risk assessment by means of alkyl groups in hemoglobin in persons occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide.

In persons occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide, i.e. under the conditions described by Dunkelberg and Hartmetz (1977), the degree of alkylation in histidine of hemoglobin was determined.