Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and change in tumor load on MRI to assess response and prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore if the combination of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and change in tumor load on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging leads to better assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with breast cancer, compared to either alone.

Methods: In 190 NAC treated patients, MRI scans were performed before and at the end of treatment. The percentage of stromal TILs (%TILs) was assessed in pre-NAC biopsies according to established criteria.

Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with liquid biopsies and multiparametric MRI in patients with breast cancer.

Accurate prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can help tailor treatment to individual patients' needs. Little is known about the combination of liquid biopsies and computer extracted features from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the prediction of NAC response in breast cancer. Here, we report on a prospective study with the aim to explore the predictive potential of this combination in adjunct to standard clinical and pathological information before, during and after NAC.

Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics Using Tumor and Vessel Features to Assess Resectability in Cancer of the Pancreatic Head.

The preoperative prediction of resectability pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging. This retrospective single-center study examined tumor and vessel radiomics to predict the resectability of PDAC in chemo-naïve patients. The tumor and adjacent arteries and veins were segmented in the portal-venous phase of contrast-enhanced CT scans, and radiomic features were extracted.

A Case Study of European Collaboration between the Veterinary and Human Field for the Development of RSV Vaccines.

The One Health (OH) approach describes the interconnection between the health of animals, humans, and the environment. The need for collaboration between the veterinary and human fields is increasing due to the rise in several infectious diseases that cross human-animal barriers and need to be addressed jointly. However, such collaboration is not evident in practice, especially for non-zoonotic diseases.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer on MRI in Relation to Residual Cancer Burden: A Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.

Background: While several methods have been proposed for automated assessment of breast-cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast MRI, limited information is available about their performance across multiple institutions.

Purpose: To assess the value and robustness of deep learning-derived volumes of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) on MRI to infer the presence of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Identifying Cross-Utilization of RSV Vaccine Inventions across the Human and Veterinary Field.

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has two main variants with similar impact, a human and a bovine variant. The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most frequent cause of acute respiratory disease (pneumonia) in children, leading to hospitalization and causing premature death. In Europe, lower respiratory tract infections caused by HRSV are responsible for 42-45 percent of hospital admissions in children under two.

Innovations in the veterinary intestinal health field: A patent landscape analysis.

In recent years it has become evident that a healthy intestinal microbiome is beneficial for the overall health of an individual. A healthy microbiome is diverse, increasing stability and resilience and strengthening the immune system. In addition, healthy intestinal metabolisms have a beneficial effect on many physiological processes such as the brain function.

Improving prediction of response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with breast cancer by combining liquid biopsies with multiparametric MRI: protocol of the LIMA study - a multicentre prospective observational cohort study.

Introduction: The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer has important prognostic implications. Dynamic prediction of tumour regression by NAC may allow for adaption of the treatment plan before completion, or even before the start of treatment. Such predictions may help prevent overtreatment and related toxicity and correct for undertreatment with ineffective regimens.

A Model of F-actin Organization in Granuloreticulopodia in Foraminifera: Morphogenetic and Evolutionary Implications from Novel Fluorescent and Polarised Light Observations.

Foraminifera are a group of mostly marine protists that form highly dynamic granular pseudopodia. Recent live experiments on foraminifera labelled with SiR-actin show that F-actin structures are involved in the morphogenesis of granuloreticulopodia and that pseudopodia contain small, motile granules referred to as SiR-actin-labelled granules (ALGs). They may either represent staining artifacts or an unusual form of organisation of actin filaments.

Deep Learning Analysis of Cardiac MRI in Legacy Datasets: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), begun in 2000, was the first large cohort study to incorporate cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to study the mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in over 5,000 initially asymptomatic participants, and there is now a wealth of follow-up data over 20 years. However, the imaging technology used to generate the CMR images is no longer in routine use, and methods trained on modern data fail when applied to such legacy datasets. This study aimed to develop a fully automated CMR analysis pipeline that leverages the ability of machine learning algorithms to enable extraction of additional information from such a large-scale legacy dataset, expanding on the original manual analyses.

High density intramural mapping of post-infarct premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia.

Background: Spontaneous ventricular premature contractions (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the acute post infarct milieu is assumed to be due to automaticity. However, the mechanism has not been studied with intramural mapping.

Objective: To study the mechanism of spontaneous PVCs with high density intramural mapping in a canine model, and to test the hypothesis that post-infarct PVCs and VT are due to re-entry rather than automaticity.

Barriers Influencing Vaccine Development Timelines, Identification, Causal Analysis, and Prioritization of Key Barriers by KOLs in General and Covid-19 Vaccine R&D.

A frequently mentioned factor holding back the introduction of new vaccines on the market are their prohibitively long development timelines. These hamper their potential societal benefit and impairs the ability to quickly respond to emerging new pathogens. This is especially worrisome since new pathogens are emerging at all-time high rates of over one per year, and many age-old pathogens are still not vaccine preventable.

Volumetric breast density estimation on MRI using explainable deep learning regression.

To purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility of volumetric breast density estimations on MRI without segmentations accompanied with an explainability step. A total of 615 patients with breast cancer were included for volumetric breast density estimation. A 3-dimensional regression convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to estimate the volumetric breast density.

The World Coral Conservatory (WCC): A Noah's ark for corals to support survival of reef ecosystems.

Global change causes widespread decline of coral reefs. In order to counter the anticipated disappearance of coral reefs by the end of this century, many initiatives are emerging, including creation of marine protected areas (MPAs), reef restoration projects, and assisted evolution initiatives. Such efforts, although critically important, are locally constrained.

Mechanism of ventricular premature beats elicited by left stellate ganglion stimulation during acute ischaemia of the anterior left ventricle.

Aims: Enhanced sympathetic activity during acute ischaemia is arrhythmogenic, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. During ischaemia, a diastolic current flows from the ischaemic to the non-ischaemic myocardium. This 'injury' current can cause ventricular premature beats (VPBs) originating in the non-ischaemic myocardium, especially during a deeply negative T wave in the ischaemic zone.

Quality of Life, Sexual Functioning, and Physical Functioning Following Perineal Reconstruction with the Lotus Petal Flap.

Background: Lotus petal flaps (LPF) may be used for the reconstruction of extralevator abdominoperineal defects that cannot be closed primarily. Limited data are available on how perineal reconstruction with the LPF impacts on patients' quality of life (QoL), sexual functioning, and physical functioning.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed following perineal reconstruction with the LPF.

Profiling Cycling Trauma throughout the Body with and Without Helmet Usage in a Large United States Health-care Network.

Background: This study aimed to characterize bodily injury patterns associated with helmet usage by comparing trauma sustained by helmeted and helmetless cyclists admitted to a large US health-care system.

Materials And Methods: A prospective trauma registry associated with a large regional United States health-care network was queried for bicycle injuries resulting in hospital admission over a 5-year period. Data pertaining to helmet usage, demographics, injury description (s), Abbreviated Injury Scale score, Injury Severity Score, and hospital length of stay were collected from 140 patients treated for bicycle-related injuries.

Exploring the Influence of Alcohol Industry Funding in Observational Studies on Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Health.

Funding of research by industry in general can lead to sponsorship bias. The aim of the current study was to conduct an initial exploration of the impact of sponsorship bias in observational alcohol research by focusing on a broad spectrum of health outcomes. The purpose was to determine whether the outcome depended on funding source.

Stellate ganglion stimulation causes spatiotemporal changes in ventricular repolarization in pig.

Background: Dispersion in ventricular repolarization is relevant for arrhythmogenesis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal effects of sympathetic stimulation on ventricular repolarization.

Methods: In 5 anesthetized female open-chest pigs, ventricular repolarization was measured from the anterior, lateral, and posterior walls of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle using up to 40 transmural plunge needles (4 electrodes each) before and after left stellate ganglion stimulation (LSGS) and right stellate ganglion stimulation.

How full is your glass? Portion sizes of wine, fortified wine and straight spirits at home in the Netherlands.

Objective: Alcohol consumption may be wrongly estimated because of inaccurate information on actual portion sizes. We compared portion sizes of wine, fortified wine and straight spirits poured at home with the Dutch standard drink sizes.

Design: Participants measured portion sizes of wine, fortified wine and straight spirits at home up to a maximum of three times and reported these via an online survey.

Form and function of F-actin during biomineralization revealed from live experiments on foraminifera.

Although the emergence of complex biomineralized forms has been investigated for over a century, still little is known on how single cells control morphology of skeletal structures, such as frustules, shells, spicules, or scales. We have run experiments on the shell formation in foraminifera, unicellular, mainly marine organisms that can build shells by successive additions of chambers. We used live imaging to discover that all stages of chamber/shell formation are controlled by dedicated actin-driven pseudopodial structures.

Contraception within an elasmobranch captive breeding programme: a case report on the eagle ray Aetobatus ocellatus using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin).

This study describes the first case of contraception within a captive elasmobranch breeding programme where an implant of Suprelorin, containing a long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue Deslorelin, was implanted in an eagle ray Aetobatus ocellatus, which successfully halted breeding.

Optimising eHealth tools for older patients: Collaborative redesign of a hospital website.

Most hospital websites have not been developed in collaboration with patients and, therefore, rarely take into account the preferences and abilities of older patients. This study describes the systematic redesign of an existing hospital website in a co-design process with patients and professional stakeholders (e.g.