Different Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Heated Tobacco Product and E-Cigarette Vapour on Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy; a Study by Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing.

Thyroid autoimmunity in Graves’ disease (GD) is accompanied by Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in 40% of the cases. Orbital fibroblasts (OF) play a key role in the pathogenesis and cigarette smoking is a known deteriorating factor. Alongside conventional cigarettes (CC) new alternatives became available for smokers, including heated tobacco products (HTP) and E-cigarettes (ECIG).

Unusual onset of thyroid associated orbitopathy during pregnancy: case report and review of literature.

Background: Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease. The disease course ranges from mild, where symptomatic therapy is sufficient, to severe, where high dose steroid administration or orbital decompression surgery is required. Women of their reproductive age are more likely to be affected.

Thyroglobulin level at week 16 of pregnancy is superior to urinary iodine concentration in revealing preconceptual and first trimester iodine supply.

Pregnant women are prone to iodine deficiency due to the increased need for iodine during gestation. Progress has recently occurred in establishing serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as an iodine status biomarker, but there is no accepted reference range for iodine sufficiency during pregnancy. An observational study was conducted in 164 pregnant women.

[Pregnancy and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass].

Heart disease during pregnancy necessitating cardiac surgery is potentially increasing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most patients know about their heart disease long before conception however the relation between the deteriorating cardiac function and the perinatal complications is not emphasized. Best possible results can be achieved by providing preconception counseling for cardiac patients.

Characteristics of female child sexual abuse in Hungary between 1986 and 2001: a longitudinal, prospective study.

Objective: To summarize the characteristics of female child sexual abuse and to explore common features that may be utilized as targets for possible methods of prevention.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Setting: A Hungarian county, University of Debrecen.

[Current practice and results of labor induction].

Introduction: The role of labor induction has been gradually increasing in the last decade all over Europe due to the early detection of fetal jeopardy, improvement of neonatal therapy and availability of cervical ripening agents. Success rate of vaginal delivery depends on maternal, fetal condition and cervical status.

Patients: Authors report the outcome of 795 labor inductions during the period from 1996 to 2000 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Debrecen, Hungary.

[Practical aspects of Doppler sonography in obstetrics].

Doppler sonography has become a principal diagnostic method of antenatal care in Hungary during the past decade. Consequently, the perinatal outcome of high-risk pregnancies has significantly improved. Evaluation of the fetal circulation facilitates clinical diagnosis, antenatal and subnatal fetal surveillance, arrangement of functional tests and optimal timing of delivery.

[Isolated ovarian abscess in the puerperium].

Isolated ovarian abscess is the infection of the ovary without tubal involvement. A number of predisposing factors have been identified. The appearance after spontaneous vaginal birth is rare.

Fetal arterial redistribution indicating true umbilical cord knot.

True umbilical cord knot often remains undiscovered prenatally due to a lack of characteristic clinical or ultrasound signs. We present a pregnancy with favorable outcome in which a non-stress test (NST) found non-reassuring fetal status. Abnormal Doppler blood flow patterns in the descending aorta and in the middle cerebral artery revealed fetal arterial redistribution with normal circulation in the umbilical artery despite a true cord knot.

[The value of Doppler sonography in the detection of fetal hypoxia].

Doppler ultrasound has become a part of routine antenatal fetal surveillance during the past two decades. It provides insight into the utero-placental and fetal arterial, venous circulation non-invasively. Doppler examination has a key role in the detection of hypoxic risk since abnormal blood flow patterns can be demonstrated before the clinical manifestation of fetal disorder.

[Management of third-trimester low-risk pregnancies--European survey].

Aim: Main objective of pregnancy care is to provide health both for the mother and baby. Two main points of this care are to preselect high and low risk pregnancies and to determine the timing of delivery in case of fetal jeopardy or maternal emergency situations in the third trimester. Although we have evidence based techniques that are effective in reducing perinatal mortality in selected high-risk groups, the content of routine pregnancy care in low-risk third trimester pregnancies is not well defined yet.