Effect of short-term carbohydrate overfeeding and long-term weight loss on liver fat in overweight humans.

Background: Cross-sectional studies have identified a high intake of simple sugars as an important dietary factor predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Objective: We examined whether overfeeding overweight subjects with simple sugars increases liver fat and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and whether this is reversible by weight loss.

Design: Sixteen subjects [BMI (kg/m²): 30.

Genetic variation in PNPLA3 but not APOC3 influences liver fat in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background And Aim: A recent study in Indian subjects suggested common variants in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) (T-455C at rs2854116 and C-482T at rs2854117) to contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), plasma apoC3 and triglyceride concentrations. Our aim was to determine the contribution of genetic variation in APOC3 on liver fat content and plasma triglyceride and apoC3 concentrations in a larger European cohort.

Methods: A total of 417 Finnish individuals were genotyped for rs2854116 and rs2854117 in APOC3 and the known rs738409 in patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) influencing liver fat.

Cholesterol synthesis is increased and absorption decreased in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of obesity.

Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with impaired glucose and lipoprotein metabolism. However, the metabolism of cholesterol in NAFLD remains unexplored. We investigated how fatty liver influences cholesterol metabolism in 242 non-diabetic subjects.

Genetic factors contribute to variation in serum alanine aminotransferase activity independent of obesity and alcohol: a study in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Background/aims: This study aimed to determine the heritability of serum alanine aminotransferase (S-ALT) and fasting serum insulin (fS-insulin) concentration as well as determine the association of these measures with liver fat content in young adult monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.

Methods: Three hundred and thirteen individual twins were recruited from a population-based cohort (n = 4929). The study subjects represented a wide range of body mass indexes (BMI), were free of any diseases or regular medications and had an intake of less than two drinks of alcohol/day.

Insulin regulation of MCP-1 in human adipose tissue of obese and lean women.

CCL2 (MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and CCL3 (MIP-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha) are required for macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue. Insulin increases CCL2 expression in adipose tissue and in serum more in insulin-resistant obese than in insulin-sensitive lean mice, but whether this is true in humans is unknown. We compared basal expression and insulin regulation of CCL2 and CCL3 in adipose tissue and MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha in serum between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive human subjects.

Adipose tissue inflammation and increased ceramide content characterize subjects with high liver fat content independent of obesity.

Objective: We sought to determine whether adipose tissue is inflamed in individuals with increased liver fat (LFAT) independently of obesity.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 20 nondiabetic, healthy, obese women were divided into normal and high LFAT groups based on their median LFAT level (2.3 +/- 0.