Cigarette smoke extract decreases human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell adipogenic differentiation.

Background: Smoking and nicotine impose detrimental health effects including adipose tissue dysfunction. Despite extensive physiological evidence, the cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood, with few studies examining the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine on adipocyte differentiation.

Methods: Primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were exposed to CSE or nicotine (50-500 ng/ml) during adipogenic differentiation.

Cigarette smoke and nicotine effect on human mesenchymal stromal cell wound healing and osteogenic differentiation capacity.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in promoting tissue regeneration and healing, particularly in bone tissue. Both smoking and nicotine use are known to delay and inhibit the healing process in patients. This study aims at delineating these cellular effects by comparing the impact of nicotine alone to cigarette smoke with equivalent nicotine content, and shedding light on potential differences in the healing process.

Hyperpolarised NMR to aid molecular profiling of electronic cigarette aerosols.

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarisation is used to enhance the NMR signals of nicotine and acrolein in methanol-d solutions of electronic cigarette aerosols. Consequently, detection of 74 μM nicotine is possible in just a single scan H NMR spectrum. The first example of an aldehyde hyperpolarised using SABRE is demonstrated and we work towards novel real-world applications of SABRE-hyperpolarised NMR for chemical analysis.

Double resonant plasmonic lattices for Raman studies.

We demonstrate radiation induced enhancement of both the in coupling of Raman excitation wavelength and Raman signal in plasmonic nanoparticle lattices. Rectangular nanoparticle lattices show two independently controllable lattice resonances, which we tune to be resonant with both the Raman excitation wavelength and the Raman transitions of rhodamine 6G molecules. We demonstrate that these narrow and intense resonances produced by the nanoparticle lattices allow for Raman transition specific enhancements.

Conversion of dissolved phosphorus in runoff by ferric sulfate to a form less available to algae: Field performance and cost assessment.

Conversion of dissolved P by ferric sulfate into a particulate form sparingly available to algae was studied in 15 ditches in Finland using stand-alone dispensers for ferric sulfate administration. Ferric sulfate typically converted 60-70 % of dissolved P into iron-associated form, a process which required 250-650 kg per kg dissolved P. Mean cost was 160 EUR per kg P converted (range 20-400 EUR kg(-1)).

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate supports cerebral energy metabolism in pigs after ischemic brain injury caused by experimental particle embolization.

Background: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FDP) is a high-energy intermediate that enhances glycolysis, preserves cellular adenosine triphosphate stores, and prevents the increase of intracellular calcium in ischemic tissue. Since it has been shown to provide metabolic support to the brain during ischemia, we planned this study to evaluate whether FDP is neuroprotective in the setting of combining hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and irreversible embolic brain ischemic injury.

Methods: Twenty pigs were randomly assigned to receive 2 intravenous infusions of either FDP (500 mg/kg) or saline.

Aprotinin to improve cerebral outcome after hypothermic circulatory arrest: a study in a surviving porcine model.

Background: Aprotinin is a serine protease inhibitor, which is usually used during cardiac surgery to reduce blood loss. There is evidence that aprotinin has neuroprotective effects during ischemia. We planned this study to evaluate its potential neuroprotective efficacy during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA).

Propofol is associated with impaired brain metabolism during hypothermic circulatory arrest: an experimental microdialysis study.

Background: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic in cardiac surgery. It has been shown to increase cerebrovascular resistance resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow. Efficient brain perfusion and tissue oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential in surgery requiring hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA).

Hypertonic saline dextran improves outcome after hypothermic circulatory arrest: a study in a surviving porcine model.

Background: Hypertonic saline dextran (HSD) has been shown to have neuroprotective properties. In the present study we have assessed its potential neuroprotective efficacy in the setting of hypothermic circulatory arrest in a surviving porcine model.

Methods: Twenty-four pigs were randomized to receive two 5-minute intravenous infusions (4 mL/kg) of either HSD (7.

pH-stat versus alpha-stat acid-base management strategy during hypothermic circulatory arrest combined with embolic brain injury.

Background: There is some evidence of beneficial metabolic effects associated with the pH-stat than with alpha-stat perfusion strategy, but this is tempered by a likely increased risk of embolism to the brain, especially in adult patients. We investigated this possible adverse effect in an experimental model that combined hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) and embolic brain injury.

Methods: Twenty-four female juvenile pigs undergoing 25 minutes of HCA at a brain temperature of 18 degrees C were assigned to either alpha-stat (n = 12) or pH-stat (n = 12) strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Apotransferrin, C1-esterase inhibitor, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein for cerebral protection during experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Background: Because of current limitations in improving metabolic support to the brain during hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), attenuation of ischemia-reperfusion injury remains an area of therapeutic intervention of relevance. Apotransferrin (Apo-Tf), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) have been herein evaluated as potential beneficial agents in reducing the ischemia-reperfusion injury in a surviving model of HCA.

Methods: Apo-Tf 100 mg/kg (n = 6), C1-INH 50 IU/kg (n = 6), AGP 100 mg/kg (n = 6), or NaCl 0.

pH-stat versus alpha-stat perfusion strategy during experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest: a microdialysis study.

Background: The superiority of the pH-stat to the alpha-stat acid-base strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass as a neuroprotective method during hypothermic circulatory arrest is still controversial. In the present study, brain metabolism and outcome have been evaluated in a surviving model of experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Methods: Twenty pigs undergoing 75-minutes of hypothermic circulatory arrest at a brain temperature of 18 degrees C were randomly assigned to the alpha-stat (n = 10) or pH-stat (n = 10) strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Topical head cooling during rewarming after experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of topical head cooling during the first 2 postoperative hours after experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Methods: Twenty pigs underwent a 75-minute period of hypothermic circulatory arrest and were randomly assigned to rewarming to 37 degrees C or to undergo topical cooling of the head for 2 hours from the start of rewarming followed by a period of external rewarming to 37 degrees C.

Results: The 7-day survival rate was 70% in the control group and 60% in the topical head cooling group.

Increase of intracranial pressure after hypothermic circulatory arrest in a chronic porcine model.

Objective: An increase in intracranial pressure has been shown to threaten the outcome of patients with ischemic or traumatic brain injury. Its impact on the outcome of pigs undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest has been evaluated in this study.

Design: Fifty-six pigs underwent a 75-min period of hypothermic circulatory arrest at 20 degrees C.

Prolonged mild hypothermia after experimental hypothermic circulatory arrest in a chronic porcine model.

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the potential efficacy of prolonged mild hypothermia after hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Methods: Twenty pigs, after a 75-minute period of hypothermic circulatory arrest, were randomly assigned to be rewarmed to 37 degrees C (normothermia group) or to 32 degrees C and kept at that temperature for 14 hours from the start of rewarming (hypothermia group).

Results: The 7-day survival was 30% in the hypothermia group and 70% in the normothermia group (P =.