Impact of antidepressants on the composition of the gut microbiome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies.

Background: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressant drugs (ADs) alter the gut microbiome of persons with depressive disorders. Herein, we aim to investigate the gut microbial profile of AD-treated animal models of depression (MoD) and persons with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the gut microbiome community-level diversity and relative abundance of microbial taxa in AD-treated animal MoD and persons with MDD.

The interplay between mitochondria, the gut microbiome and metabolites and their therapeutic potential in primary mitochondrial disease.

The various roles of the mitochondria and the microbiome in health and disease have been thoroughly investigated, though they are often examined independently and in the context of chronic disease. However, the mitochondria and microbiome are closely connected, namely, through their evolution, maternal inheritance patterns, overlapping role in many diseases and their importance in the maintenance of human health. The concept known as the "mitochondria-microbiome crosstalk" is the ongoing bidirectional crosstalk between these two entities and warrants further exploration and consideration, especially in the context of primary mitochondrial disease, where mitochondrial dysfunction can be detrimental for clinical manifestation of disease, and the role and composition of the microbiome is rarely investigated.