Repetitive Mild but Not Single Moderate Brain Trauma Is Associated with TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 Mislocalization and Glial Activation in the Mouse Spinal Cord.

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs after a sudden mechanical force to the skull and represents a significant public health problem. Initial brain trauma triggers secondary pathophysiological processes that induce structural and functional impairment of the central nervous system, even in the regions distant to the lesion site. Later in life, these changes can be manifested as neurodegenerative sequalae that commonly involve proteinopathies, such as transactive DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43).

Distillation for in situ recovery of volatile fermentation products.

Many fermentation products inhibit their own microbial production, which complicates industrial-scale fermentation development for these products. When a product is volatile, this inhibition can be circumvented by removing product during fermentation through evaporation in a loop around the bioreactor. Microbes can survive this loop if its temperature is reduced using vacuum.

Extracellular vesicles and glycans: new avenue for biomarker research.

The investigation of biomarkers is constantly evolving. New molecules and molecular assemblies, such as soluble and particulate complexes, emerged as biomarkers from basic research and investigation of different proteomes, genomes, and glycomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and glycans, complex carbohydrates are ubiquitous in nature.

Chemically Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Prevent the Reduction in Plasmalemmal Glutamate Transporter EAAT1 Expression in, and Increase the Release of Selected Cytokines from, Stretch-Injured Astrocytes in Vitro.

We tested the effects of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes, chemically functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEG), on primary mouse astrocytes exposed to a severe in vitro simulated traumatic brain injury (TBI). The application of SWCNT-PEG in the culture media of injured astrocytes did not affect cell damage levels, when compared to those obtained from injured, functionalization agent (PEG)-treated cells. Furthermore, SWCNT-PEG did not change the levels of oxidatively damaged proteins in astrocytes.

Novel surgical procedure in design of advancement endorectal flap in the surgical treatment of complex anal fistulas.

Introduction: Anal fistula is a common disease with incidence of 5.6 per 100,000 women and 12.3 men.

Ex vivo and in vivo antioxidant activity of β-hydroxy-β-arylalkanoic acids.

The interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation is implicated in many chronic diseases including Alzheimer`s disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Thirteen β-hydroxy-β-arylalkanoic acids were previously synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to asses ex vivo antioxidant activity of synthesized acids, as well as ibuprofen and to identify the compounds with the most promising results for further investigation on their capacity to counteract in vivo oxidative stress triggered by inflammation.

Single Versus Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Knowledge on the Chronic Outcomes, Neuropathology and the Role of TDP-43 Proteinopathy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in adults and thus an important public health problem. Following TBI, secondary pathophysiological processes develop over time and condition the development of different neurodegenerative entities. Previous studies suggest that neurobehavioral changes occurring after a single TBI are the basis for the development of Alzheimer's disease, while repetitive TBI is considered to be a contributing factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy development.

Influence of Risk Factors on the Well-Being of Elderly Women with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a widespread chronic joint disease characterized by functional limitations and pain. Functioning restrictions exert a detrimental impact on societal integration, relationships, and psychological well-being, resulting in significant emotional distress in KOA patients. The objective of this study is to examine how various risk factors impact the emotional well-being of individuals with KOA.

Cross-cultural validation of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale in Serbian postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: Translation and cross-cultural validation of the Serbian version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (Srb-LEFS).

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study initially included 186 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 75 years who underwent an x-ray examination of both knees, along with body mass, body height, waist circumference, knee range of motion, and blood pressure measurements. The laboratory analyses included the evaluation of fasting glucose levels and lipid profile.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase-associated glycoprotein patterns in human seminal plasma of normozoospermic men: a new aspect of biomarker heterogeneity.

Background: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-known laboratory biomarker. In spite of high concentration and the possible biomedical importance of estimating GGT in human seminal plasma (hSP), it has not been widely explored in reproductive physiology. This study aimed to complement existing data on its diversity, previously obtained on seminal extracellular vesicles, by analyzing matched soluble fraction of hSP.

Early Menopause and Risk of Fractures-A Preventable Gap.

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that results in microarchitectural changes to the bone, thereby reducing its density and increasing the risk of fractures. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to examine the link between the risk of major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures with the age of menopause onset, as well as the impact of menopause duration on fracture incidence.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia.

Changes in Bone Metabolism in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis during Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which enhances osteoclast activity and bone resorption, is one of the key inflammation mediators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of yearlong TNF-α inhibitor application on bone metabolism. The study sample comprised 50 female patients with RA.

Bioassay-Guided Skin-Beneficial Effects of Fractionated subsp. Extract.

This study aimed to evaluate the potentials for skin-beneficial effects of the hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts of ironwort ( Boiss. & Heldr. subsp.

Radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy.

Objectives: This study focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of radical gastrectomy with D2 node dissection after neoadjuvant therapy in the patients with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer is a widespread type of cancer, and it is the third leading cause of death in the cancer patients. Metastases most often occur in the lymph nodes and therefore, in addition to gastrectomy, lymph node dissection is often performed in the patients.

Coincidence of splenic vein aneurysm and haemorrhagic cyst of the pancreas.

Pseudoaneurysm of the splenic vein is a rare entity which is associated with pancreatitis in 52 % cases. Pseudocysts of the pancreas create approximately 70 % of all cystic lesions of the pancreas. One of the most dangerous complications of pancreatic pseudocysts is bleeding into the cystic lumen.

Differential Expression Patterns of TDP-43 in Single Moderate versus Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disabling disorder and a major cause of death and disability in the world. Both single and repetitive traumas affect the brain acutely but can also lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes. Clinical studies have shown some dissimilarities in transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) expression patterns following single versus repetitive TBI.

Effect of Type and Concentration of Carrier Material on the Encapsulation of Pomegranate Peel Using Spray Drying Method.

This study aimed to establish a procedure for pomegranate peel (PP) valorization and attainment of stable extracts with preserved bioactive compounds. The technology applied was spray drying with carbohydrate-based (maltodextrin, MD) and protein-based (whey protein, WP) carrier materials in different concentrations (80, 100, and 120%). What was analyzed was the impact of the type and concentration of carrier material on the stability and quality of the final encapsulated powder.

Assembly of tetraspanins, galectin-3, and distinct N-glycans defines the solubilization signature of seminal prostasomes from normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men.

Background: Prostasomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundantly present in seminal plasma, express distinct tetraspanins (TS) and galectin-3 (gal-3), which are supposed to shape their surface by an assembly of different molecular complexes. In this study, detergent-sensitivity patterns of membrane-associated prostasomal proteins were determined aiming at the solubilization signature as an intrinsic multimolecular marker and a new parameter suitable as a reference for the comparison of EVs populations in health and disease.

Methods: Prostasomes were disrupted by Triton X-100 and analyzed by gel filtration under conditions that maintained complete solubilization.

subsp. J. Holub.: Shoot Propagation In Vitro and Effect of Sucrose and Elicitors on Xanthones Production.

In vitro shoot culture of the endangered medicinal plant was established from epicotyl explants cultured on MS basal medium with 0.2 mg L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and evaluated for xanthones content for the first time. Five shoot lines were obtained and no significant variations in multiplication rate, shoot elongation, and xanthones profile were found among them.

Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Injury on the Visual System in Wild-Type and TDP-43 Transgenic Mice.

Little is known about the impairments and pathological changes in the visual system in mild brain trauma, especially repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The goal of this study was to examine and compare the effects of repeated head impacts on the neurodegeneration, axonal integrity, and glial activity in the optic tract (OT), as well as on neuronal preservation, glial responses, and synaptic organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC), in wild-type mice and transgenic animals with overexpression of human TDP-43 mutant protein (TDP-43) at 6 months after repeated closed head traumas. Animals were also assessed in the Barnes maze (BM) task.

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Using Response Surface Methodology.

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10-90%), extraction temperature (20-80 °C), extraction time (10-60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen.

Gallbladder carcinoma - when to use laparoscopic approach?

Aim: To assess how laparoscopy has altered the presentation of patients with gallbladder cancer and determine whether radical resection in patients with gallbladder cancer is beneficial.

Method: 47 patients underwent surgery because of suspected gallbladder cancer. Cancer was found incidentally in 29 patients (61.

Antiviral Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Human Norovirus in Food Models and Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluids.

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the dominant cause of viral gastroenteritis in all age groups worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the reduction of HuNoV in different food models, on surfaces of fresh produce (green onion and cherry tomato), in low-fat milk, and simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The antiviral efficacy of PPE against HuNoV was evaluated by quantifying the number of residual virus genomes using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay.

Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With TDP-43 Alterations, Neurodegeneration, and Glial Activation in Mice.

Increasing evidence points to a relationship between repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology and some neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unknown. We examined TDP-43 regulation, neurodegeneration, and glial responses following repetitive mTBI in nontransgenic mice and in animals with overexpression of human mutant TDP-43 protein (TDP-43G348C). In the frontal cortices of the injured nontransgenic animals, early TDP-43 cytoplasmatic translocation and overexpression of the protein and its pathological forms were detected.