Prevalence of Dental Fear and Its Association with Oral Health Status Among School Children in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental fear among schoolchildren in Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyze the distribution of dental anxiety by gender, age, and place of residence in relation to perceived sources of fear, and evaluate its association with oral health status. : The sample included 355 schoolchildren between the ages of 12 and 15. Data were gathered using a self-assessment questionnaire, a brief clinical oral examination, and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).

Polymorphism Is Associated with Higher Carbamazepine Clearance in Children.

The aim of our study was to investigate the role of polymorphism in the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine (CBZ) in children. The study enrolled 47 Serbian pediatric epileptic patients on CBZ treatment. Genotyping for 1236C View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.

Background: Severe adverse drug reactions (sADRs) are becoming increasingly common nowadays. The incidence of sADRs is approaching 6.7%, and the incidence of fatal adverse reactions is 0.

Predicting intermediate-risk prostate cancer using machine learning.

Purposes: Intermediate-risk prostate cancer (IR PCa) is the most common risk group for localized prostate cancer. This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model that utilizes biopsy predictors to estimate the probability of IR PCa and assess its performance compared to the traditional clinical model.

Methods: Between January 2017 and December 2022, patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values of ≤ 20 ng/mL underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies.

Factors associated with low birth weight in low-income populations in the Western Balkans: insights from the multiple indicator cluster survey.

Introduction: Low birth weight, defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g, represents a significant public health concern with a multifactorial risk dimension. Socio-demographic factors and individual characteristics of women and their social environment could influence low birth weight. This study aimed to analyze the association between the socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of women living in low-income households and low birth weight in Serbia, Kosovo, and Montenegro.

Males have higher psychological readiness to return to sports than females after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To examine sex differences in psychological readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction as well as to determine whether males and females separately fulfilled cut-off values (≥65) of psychological readiness necessary to return to sport.

Information Sources: Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were comprehensively searched from inception to January 2024 to identify relevant studies.

Eligibility Criteria: Observational investigations that compared males and females with a history of ACL reconstruction concerning psychological readiness to return to sport.

Serious adverse effects of selected antiseizure medications used for treatment of focal onset seizures.

Introduction: The third-generation antiseizure medications used for the treatment of focal seizures, lacosamide, eslicarbazepine acetate, perampanel, brivaracetam, and cenobamate, may elicit serious adverse reactions which could be preventable if a prescriber is acquainted with the risk factors.

Areas Covered: The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EBSCO databases, without time and language restrictions. Only clinical studies, observational human studies, case reports, and case series that reported serious adverse drug reactions and risk factors were considered.

State of the art of CT myocardial perfusion.

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a powerful tool to rule out coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, myocardial perfusion CT (CTP) technique has been developed for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia, thereby increasing positive predictive value for diagnosis of obstructive CAD. A diagnostic strategy combining CCTA and perfusion acquisitions provides both anatomical coronary evaluation and functional evaluation of the stenosis, increasing the specificity and the positive predictive value of cardiac CT.

Using oral topiramate for primary generalized and focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older: a review of the literature.

Introduction: Topiramate is a drug belonging to the second generation of antiseizure arsenal, used to treat focal onset seizures without generalization, focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Areas Covered: The narrative evaluation of topiramate's clinical research that has been published in this article focuses on the medication's effectiveness and safety when used to treat primary generalized and focal-to-bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. From their founding to the present, the databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were searched.

The Value of C-Reactive Protein and Peritoneal Cytokines as Early Predictors of Anastomotic Leak after Colorectal Surgery.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and intraperitoneal CRP, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in early diagnostics of anastomotic leakage in the first 4 postoperative days after colorectal surgery.

Methods: Between January 2023 and June 2023, one hundred patients with colorectal carcinoma were operated on with primary anastomosis. Ten patients had anastomotic leak (10%).

Attitudes and Knowledge of Dental Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina Towards Child Abuse and Neglect.

Introduction: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) are social and public health problems. Access to oral health care for abused and neglected children is a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge of dental students from Bosnia and Herzegovina towards CAN.

Novel Insights into Amlodipine-Induced Gingival Enlargement: A Clinical and Molecular Perspective.

This study aimed to identify risk factors for amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement, assess quality of life, and analyze gingival tissue. This cross-sectional study involved hypertensive patients on amlodipine, divided into groups with and without gingival enlargement. Assessments included sociodemographic data, clinical evaluations, and clinical parameters.

Navigating the shadows: medical professionals' values and perspectives on end-of-life care within pediatric intensive care units in Croatia.

Background And Aim: This study explores healthcare professionals' perspectives on end-of-life care in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in Croatia, aiming to illuminate their experiences with such practices, underlying attitudes, and major decision-making considerations. Amid the high variability, complexity, and emotional intensity of pediatric end-of-life decisions and practices, understanding these perspectives is crucial for improving care and policies.

Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey intended for physicians and nurses across all pediatric ICUs in Croatia.

Population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients.

Objective: The pharmacokinetics of meropenem are significantly altered in critically ill patients. A population pharmacokinetic study was designed to estimate typical values of meropenem clearance in critically ill patients and evaluate potential factors of influence.

Methods: After meropenem reached a steady state in each patient, two blood samples were taken within the dose interval.

Predictors of Intrahospital Mortality in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Endovascular Embolization.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (ASAH) is defined as bleeding in the subarachnoid space caused by the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. About 11% of people who develop ASAH die before receiving medical treatment, and 40% of patients die within four weeks of being admitted to hospital. There are limited data on single-center experiences analyzing intrahospital mortality in ASAH patients treated with an endovascular approach.

Multifaceted Impact of CO Laser Therapy on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, Vulvovaginal Atrophy and Sexual Function.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) encompasses a range of distressing symptoms in the vulvovaginal and/or bladder-urethral regions related to menopause changes, negatively influencing woman's quality of life and sexual activity. Fractional micro-ablative CO laser therapy has shown the potential to reinstate the vaginal epithelium to a condition akin to the premenopausal state, thereby ameliorating the subjective symptoms associated with GSM. We conducted a prospective, pilot study in 73 sexually active postmenopausal women treated with CO laser for their GSM symptoms, while assessing Vaginal Health Index Score (VHIS) and sexual function through the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire.

Population pharmacokinetics of tamsulosine in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: The study aimed to determine the typical clearance and volume of distribution values of tamsulosin in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to identify factors with a measurable impact on the drug's elimination.

Methods: This open-label, single-arm population pharmacokinetic study involved 65 adult men with BPH who had been on tamsulosin therapy for at least seven days. The steady-state serum concentrations of tamsulosin were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Comparison of Perinatal Outcome of Delta and Omicron Variant of COVID-19 Infection-A Retrospective Observational Study.

: The aim of the present work was to compare the characteristics of delta and omicron variants of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, the association of infection with comorbidity, clinical manifestation of the disease, type of delivery, and pregnancy outcome. : The study was designed as an observational, retrospective study of a single center. The analysis included the cohort of women who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and/or childbirth in the period from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2023.

Cost-effectiveness of ambroxol in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2.

Objective: Our aim was to compare the costs and efficacy of ambroxol in combination with imiglucerase with the costs and efficacy of imiglucerase only in the treatment of Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2) in the socio-economic settings of the Republic of Serbia, an upper-middle-income European economy.

Methods: The perspective of the Serbian Republic Health Insurance Fund was chosen for this study, and the time horizon was 6 years. The main outcomes of the study were quality-adjusted life years gained with ambroxol + imiglucerase and comparator, and direct costs of treatment.

Impact of Emergency Situations on the Level of Fear and Anxiety in Oncology Patients During Radiotherapy in a Developing Country.

Objective: To analyze the level of fear and anxiety related to radiotherapy in oncology patients treated before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to examine whether the advancement of radiotherapy centers leads to any reduction in the patient's fear in emergency situations.

Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in two time frames (2016 and 2022) based on the analysis of the intensity of anxiety and fear of radiotherapy in oncology patients with assistance. A questionnaire for assessing fear of radiotherapy in oncology patients and Zung's and Beck's self-reported anxiety scales were used.