Customized 16S-23S rDNA ITS Amplicon Metagenomics for Acetic Acid Bacteria Species Identification in Vinegars and Kombuchas.

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are involved in food and beverage production bioprocesses, like those in vinegar and kombucha. They oxidize sugars and alcohols into various metabolites, resulting in the final products' pleasant taste and aroma. The 16S rDNA amplicon metagenomics using Illumina technology is usually used to follow the microbiological development of these processes.

Bacterial nanocellulose loaded with bromelain and nisin as a promising bioactive material for wound debridement.

The bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) membranes were produced extracellularly by a novel aerobic acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter melomenusus. The BnC was modified in situ by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into the culture media, obtaining a BnC-CMC product with denser fibril arrangement, improved rehydration ratio and elasticity in comparison to BnC. The proteolytic enzyme bromelain (Br) and antimicrobial peptide nisin (N) were immobilized to BnC matrix by ex situ covalent binding and/or adsorption.

Exploitation of microbial activities at low pH to enhance planetary health.

Awareness is growing that human health cannot be considered in isolation but is inextricably woven with the health of the environment in which we live. It is, however, under-recognized that the sustainability of human activities strongly relies on preserving the equilibrium of the microbial communities living in/on/around us. Microbial metabolic activities are instrumental for production, functionalization, processing, and preservation of food.

From Nature to Lab: Sustainable Bacterial Cellulose Production and Modification with Synthetic Biology.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a macromolecule with versatile applications in medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, cosmetology, food and food packaging, ecology, and electronics. Although many bacteria synthesize BC, the most efficient BC producers are certain species of the genera and . These are also food-grade bacteria, simplifying their utilization at industrial facilities.

Production efficiency and properties of bacterial cellulose membranes in a novel grape pomace hydrolysate by Komagataeibacter melomenusus AV436 and Komagataeibacter xylinus LMG 1518.

The microbial production of cellulose using different bacterial species has been extensively examined for various industrial applications. However, the cost-effectiveness of all these biotechnological processes is strongly related to the culture medium for bacterial cellulose (BC) production. Herein, we examined a simple and modified procedure for preparing grape pomace (GP) hydrolysate, without enzymatic treatment, as a sole growth medium for BC production by acetic acid bacteria (AAB).

Probiotic Lactobacillus paragasseri K7 Nanofiber Encapsulation Using Nozzle-Free Electrospinning.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can have beneficial effects on humans. Encapsulation offers them a better chance of survival. Therefore, nozzle-free electrospinning was introduced for their embedding in nanofibrous material.

GO-Enabled Bacterial Cellulose Membranes by Multistep, In Situ Loading: Effect of Bacterial Strain and Loading Pattern on Nanocomposite Properties.

This paper presents the results of research on the preparation and properties of GO/BC nanocomposite from bacterial cellulose (BC) modified with graphene oxide (GO) using the in situ method. Two bacterial strains were used for the biosynthesis of the BC: LMG 18909 and LMG 18788. A simple biosynthesis method was developed, where GO water dispersion was added to reinforced acetic acid-ethanol (RAE) medium at concentrations of 10 ppm, 25 ppm, and 50 ppm at 24 h and 48 h intervals.

Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Characterization of , a Highly Acetic Acid-Tolerant Bacterium from Vinegars.

The bacterial species belongs to a group of acetic acid bacteria. In 2000, it was described as a primary species of submerged spirit vinegar-producing bioreactors with a strict requirement of acetic acid, ethanol, and glucose for growth. Over the years, the type-strain of deposited in international culture collections has lost the ability for revitalization and is thus not available any more in a culturable form.

Antimicrobial Resistance of and Species Originating from Vinegars.

Consumers' preference towards healthy and novel foods dictates the production of organic unfiltered bottled vinegar that still contains acetic acid bacteria. After ingesting vinegar, the bacteria come into close contact with the human microbiota, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer, including genetic determinants for antibiotic resistance. Due to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), we analyzed the AMR of and species originating mainly from vinegars.

Polysaccharide-Based Bilayer Coatings for Biofilm-Inhibiting Surfaces of Medical Devices.

Chitosan (Chi) and 77KS, a lysine-derived surfactant, form polyelectrolyte complexes that reverse their charge from positive to negative at higher 77KS concentrations, forming aggregates that have been embedded with amoxicillin (AMOX). Dispersion of this complex was used to coat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, with an additional layer of anionic and hydrophilic hyaluronic acid (HA) as an outer adsorbate layer to enhance protein repulsion in addition to antimicrobial activity by forming a highly hydrated layer in combination with steric hindrance. The formed polysaccharide-based bilayer on PDMS was analyzed by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and surface zeta ()-potential.

Bioactive Functional Nanolayers of Chitosan-Lysine Surfactant with Single- and Mixed-Protein-Repellent and Antibiofilm Properties for Medical Implants.

Medical implant-associated infections resulting from biofilm formation triggered by unspecific protein adsorption are the prevailing cause of implant failure. However, implant surfaces rendered with multifunctional bioactive nanocoatings offer a promising alternative to prevent the initial attachment of bacteria and effectively interrupt biofilm formation. The need to research and develop novel and stable bioactive nanocoatings for medical implants and a comprehensive understanding of their properties in contact with the complex biological environment are crucial.

Acetan and Acetan-Like Polysaccharides: Genetics, Biosynthesis, Structure, and Viscoelasticity.

Bacteria produce a variety of multifunctional polysaccharides, including structural, intracellular, and extracellular polysaccharides. They are attractive for the industrial sector due to their natural origin, sustainability, biodegradability, low toxicity, stability, unique viscoelastic properties, stable cost, and supply. When incorporated into different matrices, they may control emulsification, stabilization, crystallization, water release, and encapsulation.

Why? - Successful Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones with a focus on clone C.

The environmental species Pseudomonas aeruginosa thrives in a variety of habitats. Within the epidemic population structure of P. aeruginosa, occassionally highly successful clones that are equally capable to succeed in the environment and the human host arise.

A Cyclic di-GMP Network Is Present in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Species.

The ubiquitous cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) network is highly redundant with numerous GGDEF domain proteins as diguanylate cyclases and EAL domain proteins as c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterases comprising those domains as two of the most abundant bacterial domain superfamilies. One hallmark of the c-di-GMP network is its exalted plasticity as c-di-GMP turnover proteins can rapidly vanish from species within a genus and possess an above average transmissibility. To address the evolutionary forces of c-di-GMP turnover protein maintenance, conservation, and diversity, we investigated a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative species, which preserved only one single clearly identifiable GGDEF domain protein.

Description of sp. nov. and sp. nov. Isolated from Apple Cider Vinegar.

Two novel strains AV382 and AV436 were isolated from a submerged industrial bioreactor for production of apple cider vinegar in Kopivnik (Slovenia). Both strains showed very high (≥98.2%) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with species, but lower 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS).

Low Occurrence of in Gulls and Songbirds.

is a worldwide occurring nosocomial pathogen, the natural habitats of which remain to be defined. Recently, white stork nestlings have been described as a recurring source of . Here, we challenged the hypothesis of a general preference of for avian hosts.

Bacterial Cellulose: Production, Modification and Perspectives in Biomedical Applications.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is ultrafine, nanofibrillar material with an exclusive combination of properties such as high crystallinity (84%-89%) and polymerization degree, high surface area (high aspect ratio of fibers with diameter 20-100 nm), high flexibility and tensile strength (Young modulus of 15-18 GPa), high water-holding capacity (over 100 times of its own weight), etc. Due to high purity, i.e.

Two FtsH Proteases Contribute to Fitness and Adaptation of Clone C Strains.

is an environmental bacterium and a nosocomial pathogen with clone C one of the most prevalent clonal groups. The clone C specific genomic island PACGI-1 harbors a xenolog of encoding a functionally diverse membrane-spanning ATP-dependent metalloprotease on the core genome. In the aquatic isolate SG17M, the core genome copy significantly affects growth and dominantly mediates a broad range of phenotypes, such as secretion of secondary metabolites, swimming and twitching motility and resistance to aminoglycosides, while the PACGI-1 xenolog backs up the phenotypes in the mutant background.

Genome sequences and description of novel exopolysaccharides producing species Komagataeibacter pomaceti sp. nov. and reclassification of Komagataeibacter kombuchae (Dutta and Gachhui 2007) Yamada et al., 2013 as a later heterotypic synonym of Komagataeibacter hansenii (Gosselé et al. 1983) Yamada et al., 2013.

Strains T5K1 and AV446 isolated from apple cider vinegars during a submerged vinegar production in two separate vinegar facilities showed 94% 16S rRNA gene similarity to its closest neighbors Komagataeibacter maltaceti LMG 1529 and Gluconacetobacter entanii LTH 4560. Further phylogenetic and phenotypic characterizations indicated that the isolates belonged to a novel species of the Komagataeibacter genus. Comparison based on 16S-23S rRNA gene ITS sequences and concatenated partial sequences of the housekeeping genes dnaK, groEL and rpoB, grouped both strains to a single phylogenetic cluster well separated from the other species of the Komagataeibacter genus.

Stand-alone ClpG disaggregase confers superior heat tolerance to bacteria.

AAA+ disaggregases solubilize aggregated proteins and confer heat tolerance to cells. Their disaggregation activities crucially depend on partner proteins, which target the AAA+ disaggregases to protein aggregates while concurrently stimulating their ATPase activities. Here, we report on two potent ClpG disaggregase homologs acquired through horizontal gene transfer by the species and subsequently abundant clone C.

Draft genome sequence of Chryseobacterium limigenitum SUR2 (LMG 28734) isolated from dehydrated sludge.

The type strain SUR2 of the novel species Chryseobacterium limigenitum was isolated from a dehydrated sludge of the municipal sewage treatment plant in Dogoše near Maribor in Slovenia. The draft genome, with 60 contigs, 4,697,725bp, 34.4% of G+C content, was obtained using the Illumina HiSeq 2500-1 platform.

Paenibacillus aquistagni sp. nov., isolated from an artificial lake accumulating industrial wastewater.

Strain 11 was isolated from water of an artificial lake accumulating industrial wastewater on the outskirts of Celje, Slovenia. Phenotypic characterisation showed strain 11 to be a Gram-stain positive, spore forming bacterium. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identified strain 11 as a member of the genus Paenibacillus, closely related to Paenibacillus alvei (96.

Comparison of Cultivable Acetic Acid Bacterial Microbiota in Organic and Conventional Apple Cider Vinegar.

Organic apple cider vinegar is produced from apples that go through very restricted treatment in orchard. During the first stage of the process, the sugars from apples are fermented by yeasts to cider. The produced ethanol is used as a substrate by acetic acid bacteria in a second separated bioprocess.

16S rRNA Hybridization Followed by Flow Cytometry for Rapid Identification of Acetic Acid Bacteria Involved in Submerged Industrial Vinegar Production.

Acetic acid bacteria are involved in many biotechnological processes such as vitamin C, gluconic acid, miglitol or acetic acid production, and others. For a technologist trying to control the industrial process, the ability to follow the microbiological development of the process is thus of importance. During the past few years hybridization in a combination with flow cytometry has often been used for this purpose.

Aeromicrobium choanae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the choana of a garden warbler.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming actinobacterium, strain 9H-4T, isolated from the choana of a garden warbler (Sylvia borin) was studied to examine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis it was shown that strain 9H-4T belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium with Aeromicrobium flavumTYLN1T (98.7 % similarity) and Aeromicrobium tamlenseSSW1-57T (98.