Improving Cooking Skills, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Clinical Outcomes for Adults at Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT).

Background/objectives: This protocol describes a study to investigate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial (TK-MT) for adults with cardiometabolic abnormalities. The TK-MT protocol describes a hybrid lifestyle intervention combining in-person and virtual instruction in culinary skills, nutrition education, movement, and mindfulness with community support and behavior change strategies. This 18-month-long randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a 12-month, 24 class program, assess preliminary study efficacy, and identify barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Perspective: Teaching Kitchens: Conceptual Origins, Applications and Potential for Impact within Food Is Medicine Research.

There is a need to identify innovative strategies whereby individuals, families, and communities can learn to access and prepare affordable and nutritious foods, in combination with evidence-based guidance about diet and lifestyle. These approaches also need to address issues of equity and sustainability. Teaching Kitchens (TKs) are being created as educational classrooms and translational research laboratories to advance such strategies.

Gender differences in global estimates of cooking frequency prior to COVID-19.

The frequency of cooking at home has not been assessed globally. Data from the Gallup World Poll in 2018/2019 wave (N = 145,417) were collected in 142 countries using telephone and face to face interviews. We describe differences in frequency of 'scratch' cooking lunch and dinner across the globe by gender.

Kinesin-6 KIF20B is required for efficient cytokinetic furrowing and timely abscission in human cells.

Cytokinesis requires the cooperation of many cytoskeletal and membrane regulators. Most of the major players required for cytokinesis are known, but the temporal regulation and adaptations for different cell types are less understood. KIF20B (previously called MPHOSPH1 or MPP1) is a member of the Kinesin-6 family, which also includes the better-known members KIF23/MKLP1 and KIF20A/MKLP2.

Mutation of Kinesin-6 Kif20b causes defects in cortical neuron polarization and morphogenesis.

Background: How neurons change their cytoskeleton to adopt their complex polarized morphology is still not understood. Growing evidence suggests that proteins that help build microtubule structures during cell division are also involved in building and remodeling the complex cytoskeletons of neurons. Kif20b (previously called MPP1 or Mphosph1) is the most divergent member of the Kinesin-6 family of "mitotic" kinesins that also includes Kif23/MKLP1 and Kif20a/MKLP2.

Neuroretinal hypoxic signaling in a new preclinical murine model for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects approximately one-third of diabetic patients and, if left untreated, progresses to proliferative DR (PDR) with associated vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, iris neovascularization, glaucoma and irreversible blindness. In vitreous samples of human patients with PDR, we found elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α). HIFs are transcription factors that promote hypoxia adaptation and have important functional roles in a wide range of ischemic and inflammatory diseases.

Imaging and quantitative analysis of cytokinesis in developing brains of Kinesin-6 mutant mice.

Cytokinesis in neural progenitors occurs with specialized constraints due to their highly polarized structure and the need for both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. They must produce proper numbers of progenitors, neurons, and glia in a precise order. Yet very few functional studies of cytokinesis have been done in the developing brain.

The vertebrate-specific Kinesin-6, Kif20b, is required for normal cytokinesis of polarized cortical stem cells and cerebral cortex size.

Mammalian neuroepithelial stem cells divide using a polarized form of cytokinesis, which is not well understood. The cytokinetic furrow cleaves the cell by ingressing from basal to apical, forming the midbody at the apical membrane. The midbody mediates abscission by recruiting many factors, including the Kinesin-6 family member Kif20b.

Nurses' experiences caring for incarcerated patients in a perinatal unit.

Studies indicate that psychological support of a mother during labor greatly increases the well-being of the mother and the infant. Nurses caring for incarcerated women in birthing centers, provide the only caring support these women have a possibility of receiving. However, there is a dearth of studies that explore nurses' perception of their role in caring for female offenders.

Light-dependent phosphorylation of the gamma subunit of cGMP-phophodiesterase (PDE6gamma) at residue threonine 22 in intact photoreceptor neurons.

The gamma subunit of rod-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6gamma), an effector of the G-protein GNAT1, is a key regulator of phototransduction. The results of several in vitro biochemical reconstitution experiments conducted to examine the effects of phosphorylation of PDE6gamma on its ability to regulate the PDE6 catalytic core have been inconsistent, showing that phosphorylation of PDE6gamma may increase or decrease the ability of PDE6gamma to deactivate phototransduction. To resolve role of phosphorylation of PDE6gamma in living photoreceptors, we generated transgenic mice in which either one or both Threonine (T) sites in PDE6gamma (T22 and T35), which are candidates for putative regulatory phosphorylation, were substituted with alanine (A).

Cellular and molecular origin of circumpapillary dysgenesis of the pigment epithelium.

Purpose: We studied clinical phenotyping and TEAD1 expression in mice and humans to gain a better understanding of the primary origin in the pathogenesis of circumpapillary dysgenesis of the pigment epithelium.

Design: Observational case series and experimental study.

Participants: Three female patients from an affected family were included for phenotypic study.

Functional rescue of degenerating photoreceptors in mice homozygous for a hypomorphic cGMP phosphodiesterase 6 b allele (Pde6bH620Q).

Purpose: Approximately 8% of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) cases worldwide are due to defects in rod-specific phosphodiesterase PDE6, a tetramer consisting of catalytic (PDE6alpha and PDE6beta) and two regulatory (PDE6gamma) subunits. In mice homozygous for a nonsense Pde6b(rd1) allele, absence of PDE6 activity is associated with retinal disease similar to humans. Although studied for 80 years, the rapid degeneration Pde6b(rd1) phenotype has limited analyses and therapeutic modeling.

Modulation of phosphodiesterase6 turnoff during background illumination in mouse rod photoreceptors.

In rod photoreceptors of wild-type mice, background light produces an acceleration of the decay of responses to brief flashes, accompanied by a decrease in the rate-limiting time constant for response decay. In rods in which phosphodiesterase gamma (PDEgamma) lacks one of its sites of phosphorylation (T35A rods), both the waveform of response decay and the rate-limiting time constant are nearly unaffected by backgrounds. These effects are not the result of the removal of the phosphorylation site per se, because rods lacking both of the phosphorylation sites of PDEgamma (T22A/T35A rods) adapt to light in a nearly normal manner.

Removal of phosphorylation sites of gamma subunit of phosphodiesterase 6 alters rod light response.

The phosphodiesterase 6 gamma (PDE6 gamma) inhibitory subunit of the rod PDE6 effector enzyme plays a central role in the turning on and off of the visual transduction cascade, since binding of PDE6 gamma to the transducin alpha subunit (T alpha) initiates the hydrolysis of the second messenger cGMP, and PDE6 gamma in association with RGS9-1 and the other GAP complex proteins (G beta 5, R9AP) accelerates the conversion of T alpha GTP to T alpha GDP, the rate-limiting step in the decay of the rod light response. Several studies have shown that PDE6 gamma can be phosphorylated at two threonines, T22 and T35, and have proposed that phosphorylation plays some role in the physiology of the rod. We have examined this possibility by constructing mice in which T22 and/or T35 were replaced with alanines.

Simulated digestion of Vitis vinifera seed powder: polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties.

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. Plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. Flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking.

Evaluation and standardisation of the antioxidant properties of two Indian remedies with biochemical test assays.

Two drugs composed of several different plant extracts are in use in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of asthma and arthritis, respectively. There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events such as the above mentioned. Plant extracts have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species, dependent on the individual test system.

Evaluation of the oxidative burst in suspension cell culture of Phaseolus vulgaris.

Plants respond to the attack of pathogens with the oxidative burst, a production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work a cell culture suspension of Phaseolus vulgaris was used to investigate the oxidative burst triggered by a conidia suspension of different races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. As a defence response of the cells a two-phase peak was observed with all used races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, varying only in the produced amounts of hydrogen peroxide.

Vitamin C, vitamin E and flavonoids.

All inflammatory processes include oxygen-activating processes where reactive oxygen species are produced. Intrinsic radical scavenging systems or compounds administered with food warrant metabolic control within certain limits. Antioxidants, which in many cases are free radical scavengers or quenchers of activated states, comprise a vast number of classes of organic molecules including most prominently the phenolics.

Properties of quercetin conjugates: modulation of LDL oxidation and binding to human serum albumin.

Quercetin is an important dietary flavonoid with in vitro antioxidant activity. However, it is found in human plasma as conjugates with glucuronic acid, sulfate or methyl groups, with no significant amounts of free quercetin present. The antioxidant properties of the conjugates found in vivo and their binding to serum albumin are unknown, but essential for understanding possible actions of quercetin in vivo.

[Indication for vascular reconstruction in ischaemic diseases of the legs (author's transl)].

The indication for vascular reconstruction in ischaemic diseases of the legs should be considered as early as possible and individually. Only by strict selection of patients it is possible to reach favourable late results.